Is Abilify a Schedule 2 Drug?
No, Abilify (aripiprazole) is not a controlled substance at all—it is not classified under any DEA schedule (Schedule I through V). 1
Controlled Substance Classification
Aripiprazole has no DEA scheduling because it is not considered a controlled substance by the Drug Enforcement Administration. 1
The FDA explicitly states in the drug label that "Aripiprazole is not a controlled substance." 1
This means aripiprazole can be prescribed without the restrictions that apply to Schedule II drugs (like oxycodone, morphine, or amphetamines) or even Schedule III-V substances. 1
Abuse and Dependence Potential
Aripiprazole has not been systematically studied for abuse potential, tolerance, or physical dependence in humans, though the FDA recommends evaluating patients for drug abuse history and monitoring for signs of misuse. 1
In animal studies with monkeys, withdrawal symptoms were observed upon abrupt cessation, but clinical trials did not reveal drug-seeking behavior—though these observations were not systematic. 1
The unique pharmacology of aripiprazole as a partial dopamine D2 agonist (rather than a full antagonist like most antipsychotics) may contribute to its lower abuse liability compared to substances that produce more pronounced dopaminergic effects. 2
Clinical Context
While aripiprazole is not a controlled substance, patients should still be monitored for signs of misuse or abuse (e.g., tolerance development, dose escalation, drug-seeking behavior), particularly in those with substance use disorder history. 1
Some research has explored aripiprazole's potential role in treating substance dependence disorders (alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine) due to its dopaminergic modulation, though evidence remains limited. 3
Common Confusion
A common pitfall is confusing aripiprazole's lack of controlled substance status with the need for careful prescribing. While it requires no special DEA prescribing requirements, gradual tapering is still recommended when discontinuing to avoid withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, insomnia, irritability, and mood changes. 4