What sound pressure level (dB) of a 17.5 kHz tone is harmful to the human ear?

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高頻17500Hz聲音的安全閾值

根據現有職業噪音暴露標準,持續暴露於超過80 dB(A)的聲音水平會對人體聽力造成潛在傷害,而85 dB(A)以上則構成實質風險。 1, 2, 3, 4

基於分貝水平的傷害風險分級

80 dB(A)以下

  • 對絕大多數人不構成實質性聽力損傷風險 4
  • 這是歐洲指令規定的職業噪音暴露下限行動水平 3

80-85 dB(A)

  • 長期暴露(每天最多16小時)可能導致暫時性閾值偏移(TTS),這可能預示著不可逆的神經損傷 1
  • 對於已有聽力損失的個體,應在此水平開始使用聽力保護裝置 3
  • 敏感個體在終生暴露後可能累積顯著的聽力損傷 4

85 dB(A)及以上

  • 構成邊際風險,敏感個體在終生暴露後會累積顯著聽力損傷 4
  • 這是大多數職業安全標準要求強制使用聽力保護的閾值 2, 3
  • 必須進行年度聽力測試監測 2, 3

90 dB(A)及以上

  • 風險變得實質性,大多數個體會累積顯著的聽力損傷 4
  • 需要立即採取工程控制措施或強制使用聽力保護裝置 3

100 dB(A)

  • 短時間暴露(20分鐘)即可導致病理性暫時性閾值偏移(40 dB),這被認為會促進永久性閾值偏移 1

137 dB(C)峰值及以上

  • 可能對內耳造成立即的機械性損傷 5
  • 這是德國職業疾病法規中規定的急性聽力損傷閾值 5

17.5 kHz高頻聲音的特殊考量

雖然提供的證據主要針對標準聽力測試頻率(250-8000 Hz),但有幾個重要原則適用於17.5 kHz:

  • 頻率特異性損傷模式:較低頻率的噪音暴露會在耳蝸中產生更廣泛的損傷,而較高頻率則產生更局限的損傷 6
  • 高頻測量的技術挑戰:在4-8 kHz範圍以上,由於鼓膜處聲波反射,耳道內的聲壓可能會顯著變化 7
  • 保守原則:由於17.5 kHz超出標準聽力測試範圍,應採用針對標準頻率建立的最保守閾值(80-85 dB(A))2, 3

關鍵注意事項

暴露時間的重要性

  • 即使是中等強度的噪音,如果導致暫時性閾值偏移,也可能造成不可逆的神經損傷(隱性聽力損失),特別影響在嘈雜環境中理解語音的能力 2, 3
  • 連續暴露比間歇性暴露造成更大的損傷;在連續6小時高頻噪音暴露之間有18小時的休息可提供顯著保護 8

個體易感性因素

  • 已有聽力損失的個體對進一步噪音損傷的易感性增加,應在80 dB(A)而非標準的85 dB(A)開始使用聽力保護 3
  • 合併暴露於耳毒性物質(有機溶劑)、高血壓、糖尿病、血脂升高和吸煙會增加易感性 3

常見陷阱

  • 不要等到永久性閾值偏移才採取干預:暴露後的暫時性閾值偏移可能表明已發生不可逆的神經損傷 2, 3
  • 不要僅關注聽力圖閾值:可能會錯過語音理解方面的功能缺陷 2
  • 不要低估娛樂性噪音暴露:娛樂和音樂行業的噪音水平可達92-95 dB(A),約為法定限值的4倍 2

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Prevention and Treatment of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Guideline

Management of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

What is the risk of noise-induced hearing loss at 80, 85, 90 dB(A) and above?

Occupational medicine (Oxford, England), 2000

Research

Comparison between intensity and pressure as measures of sound level in the ear canal.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1998

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