What is the effect of smoking cigarettes on users of Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate)?

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Last updated: April 24, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Smoking while using Depo Provera is not recommended due to significantly increased health risks, particularly for cardiovascular problems. Women who smoke and use Depo Provera face a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, including blood clots, stroke, and heart attack, especially if they are over 35 years old 1. The combination is particularly dangerous because both smoking and Depo Provera independently affect blood clotting and cardiovascular health. Some key points to consider include:

  • The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased in women who smoke, especially those over 35 years old 1.
  • Depo Provera remains effective as birth control regardless of smoking status, providing over 99% protection when administered correctly every 12-13 weeks.
  • However, the health risks outweigh the benefits for smokers, making it essential to explore safer contraceptive options. If you currently smoke and use Depo Provera, you should discuss this with your healthcare provider immediately to explore safer contraceptive options, such as non-hormonal alternatives like copper IUDs or barrier methods that don't carry the same cardiovascular risks when combined with smoking 1. Additionally, a smoking cessation program would be strongly advised to mitigate the risks associated with smoking. Your healthcare provider can help develop a personalized plan that balances your contraceptive needs with overall health considerations.

From the Research

Smoking Cigarettes and Depo Provera

  • There is no direct evidence in the provided studies that discusses the relationship between smoking cigarettes and Depo Provera.
  • However, study 2 discusses the risks associated with smoking in women, including pregnancy-related complications, and the need for tailored support for female smokers.
  • Studies 3, 4, and 5 discuss the effects of Depo Provera (DMPA) on cardiovascular health and fracture risk, but do not mention smoking as a factor.
  • Study 6 discusses the choice of contraceptive methods, including DMPA, after abortion, but does not address smoking or its interaction with DMPA.
  • Overall, there is no research paper that directly assists in answering the question about the relationship between smoking cigarettes and Depo Provera, as the provided studies focus on different aspects of women's health and contraception.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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