What medications are contraindicated for use in a pregnant woman, particularly during the first trimester?

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Mga Bawal na Gamot sa Pagbubuntis (Contraindicated Medications in Pregnancy)

Maraming gamot ang dapat iwasan sa pagbubuntis dahil sa panganib ng birth defects, fetal harm, o maternal complications. Narito ang komprehensibong listahan ng mga bawal na gamot:

Mga Lubos na Bawal (Absolutely Contraindicated - Category X)

Ang mga sumusunod na gamot ay hindi dapat gamitin kailanman sa pagbubuntis:

Cardiovascular Medications

  • ACE inhibitors (halimbawa: enalapril, lisinopril, captopril) - Nagiging sanhi ng renal dysgenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, at intrauterine growth restriction lalo na sa second at third trimester 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  • Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (halimbawa: losartan, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan) - Pareho ng panganib sa ACE inhibitors 1, 2, 3, 6
  • Warfarin - Nagiging sanhi ng fetal hemorrhage, nasal hypoplasia, chondrodysplasia punctata sa first trimester, at CNS abnormalities 2, 7
  • Statins - Dapat ihinto bago magbuntis 1, 2, 3
  • Atenolol - Nagiging sanhi ng pronounced fetal growth restriction 1, 2, 3

Neurologic Medications

  • Sodium valproate - Kilalang teratogen na nagiging sanhi ng neural tube defects at major congenital malformations 2
  • Topiramate - Bawal dahil sa adverse fetal effects 2
  • Lithium - Nagiging sanhi ng cardiac malformations at iba pang congenital defects 2

Other Medications

  • Isotretinoin - Lubhang teratogenic 2
  • Lahat ng weight-loss medications (phentermine, orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion, liraglutide 3.0 mg) 2, 3
  • Leflunomide - Dapat ihinto bago magbuntis 8
  • Methotrexate - Cytotoxic agent na bawal sa pagbubuntis 8
  • Cyclophosphamide - Cytotoxic agent na bawal sa pagbubuntis 8

Mga Gamot na Dapat Iwasan o Gamitin nang May Ingat

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)

  • Bawal sa first at third trimester dahil sa panganib ng miscarriage, cardiac defects, at premature closure ng ductus arteriosus 9, 10
  • Maaaring gamitin sa second trimester kung kinakailangan, pero mas mainam pa rin ang acetaminophen 9
  • Dapat ihinto by gestational week 32 8

Diuretics

  • Controversial ang paggamit dahil binabawasan ang plasma volume expansion 1
  • Contraindicated sa pre-eclampsia dahil reduced na ang utero-placental perfusion 1

High-dose Corticosteroids

  • Sa first trimester, tumataas ang panganib ng cleft palate 2
  • Kailangan ng specialist supervision 2
  • Iwasan ang high doses (1-2 mg/kg) sa first trimester 8

Mga Ligtas na Alternatibo para sa Hypertension

Kung may hypertension ang buntis, lumipat sa mga sumusunod na gamot 1, 2, 3:

  • Methyldopa - First-line treatment
  • Labetalol - Safe beta-blocker (hindi atenolol)
  • Long-acting nifedipine - Calcium channel blocker

Mga Ligtas na Gamot para sa Pain at Fever

  • Acetaminophen - Ang pinaka-ligtas na gamot para sa pain at fever sa buong pregnancy 2, 9
  • Gamitin sa lowest effective dose at shortest duration 9

Mga Diabetes Medications

Dapat Iwasan:

  • Karamihan ng oral antidiabetic agents dahil sa lack ng long-term safety data 1, 3

Maaaring Gamitin:

  • Insulin - Safest option 1, 3
  • Metformin - Maaaring ipagpatuloy 1, 3
  • Glyburide - Widely used 1, 3

Mahalagang Paalala (Critical Pitfalls to Avoid)

Huwag biglang ihinto ang mga gamot para sa chronic conditions nang walang medical supervision - ang uncontrolled maternal disease ay mas nakakasama sa fetus kaysa sa appropriate medication use 2

Para sa mga babaeng sexually active at childbearing age: Dapat gumamit ng reliable contraception kung umiinom ng mga bawal na gamot, at dapat ihinto ang mga ito bago magplano ng pagbubuntis 1, 2, 3

Timing matters: Ang first trimester (weeks 3-8) ay ang most critical period para sa structural birth defects, habang ang second at third trimester ay may iba pang panganib tulad ng functional abnormalities 2, 4

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Medication Use in Pregnancy: Contraindications and Risks

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Antidiabetic Medications in Pregnancy

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist treatment during pregnancy.

Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2005

Guideline

Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

Anti-inflammatory therapy during pregnancy and lactation.

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 1985

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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