Which lab tests are recommended to assess thyroid function and antibodies in a patient with suspected thyroid eye disease?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 23, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Pemeriksaan Laboratorium Fungsi Tiroid yang Disarankan

Untuk pasien dengan kecurigaan penyakit mata tiroid (thyroid eye disease), pemeriksaan laboratorium yang disarankan meliputi TSH, free T4, antibodi reseptor TSH (TRAb/TSI), antibodi anti-TPO, dan antibodi anti-tiroglobulin. 1, 2, 3

Pemeriksaan Dasar Fungsi Tiroid

TSH dan Free T4

  • Ukur TSH dan free T4 secara bersamaan sebagai pemeriksaan utama untuk menilai status tiroid, karena kombinasi ini dapat membedakan antara hipertiroidisme, hipotiroidisme, dan eutiroid 1, 4
  • Free T4 diperlukan untuk membedakan disfungsi tiroid subklinis dari yang manifes ketika TSH abnormal 1
  • Pada penyakit mata tiroid, 86.2% pasien mengalami hipertiroidisme, 10.36% hipotiroidisme, dan 7.9% eutiroid, sehingga pemeriksaan fungsi tiroid tetap penting meskipun hasil bisa normal 2

Pemeriksaan Antibodi Tiroid

Antibodi Reseptor TSH (TRAb/TSI)

  • Pemeriksaan TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin) sangat penting untuk diagnosis penyakit mata tiroid, dengan sensitivitas 93% dan spesifisitas 100% untuk membedakan dari kontrol normal 3
  • Assay TSI generasi baru menunjukkan performa superior dibanding pemeriksaan TRAb konvensional untuk diagnosis penyakit mata tiroid 3
  • Antibodi ini membantu membedakan penyakit Graves dari tiroiditis toksik dengan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas 100% 3

Antibodi Anti-TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase)

  • Ukur antibodi anti-TPO untuk mengkonfirmasi etiologi autoimun, terutama jika dicurigai tiroiditis Hashimoto yang dapat menyertai penyakit mata tiroid 1
  • Antibodi anti-TPO positif memprediksi progresi ke hipotiroidisme manifes sebesar 4.3% per tahun dibanding 2.6% pada yang negatif 1
  • Pada pasien dengan penyakit mata tiroid, antibodi anti-TPO ditemukan pada 32% kasus 5

Antibodi Anti-Tiroglobulin (Anti-TG)

  • Ukur antibodi anti-TG bersamaan dengan anti-TPO karena sekitar 10-20% pasien dengan tiroiditis autoimun hanya memiliki anti-TG positif tanpa anti-TPO 1
  • Antibodi anti-TG penting untuk skrining komprehensif penyakit tiroid autoimun yang dapat menyertai penyakit mata tiroid 1

Pemeriksaan Tambahan yang Perlu Dipertimbangkan

Antibodi Spesifik Otot Mata

  • Antibodi terhadap G2s (protein yang diekspresikan bersama oleh tiroid dan otot mata) ditemukan pada 50% pasien dengan penyakit mata tiroid dan dapat mendahului onset penyakit mata 5
  • Antibodi terhadap flavoprotein subunit succinate dehydrogenase (Fp-SDH) merupakan penanda kerusakan sel otot mata, terutama pada subtipe miopati okular 5
  • Pemeriksaan ini umumnya untuk kepentingan penelitian dan belum rutin tersedia secara klinis 5

Algoritma Pemeriksaan

  1. Pemeriksaan awal wajib:

    • TSH dan free T4 untuk menentukan status tiroid 1, 4
    • Antibodi TSI/TRAb untuk konfirmasi penyakit Graves dan penyakit mata tiroid 3
  2. Pemeriksaan lanjutan:

    • Anti-TPO dan anti-TG untuk identifikasi autoimunitas tiroid 1
    • Jika TSH abnormal, ulangi dalam 3-6 minggu karena 30-60% nilai TSH tinggi dapat normal spontan 1
  3. Pertimbangan khusus:

    • Hindari pemeriksaan saat stres metabolik akut (hiperglikemia, ketosis) karena dapat memberikan hasil menyesatkan 6
    • Pada pasien dengan insufisiensi adrenal yang dicurigai, periksa ACTH dan kortisol pagi hari sebelum memulai terapi hormon tiroid untuk mencegah krisis adrenal 1

Peringatan Penting

  • Penyakit mata tiroid dapat terjadi pada pasien dengan fungsi tiroid normal (eutiroid), sehingga diagnosis tidak boleh disingkirkan hanya berdasarkan TSH dan T4 normal 2
  • Antibodi anti-tiroglobulin dapat mengganggu pengukuran tiroglobulin, sehingga harus diukur bersamaan jika monitoring tiroglobulin diperlukan 1
  • Pada superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, hingga 65% pasien memiliki disfungsi tiroid mendasari, sehingga pemeriksaan antibodi tiroid disarankan 7

References

Guideline

Thyroid Function Evaluation and Management

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Eye muscle antibodies and subtype of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2002

Guideline

Risks and Impact of Persistent Low Thyroglobulin with High TPO, Anti-Thyroglobulin, and TRAb Antibodies

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Related Questions

What adjustments should be made to the medication regimen for a patient with hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and iron deficiency anemia, given their current lab results and medical history?
What are the initial laboratory tests and evaluations for a patient suspected of having a thyroid disorder, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid disorders?
What is the next step in evaluating a soft and mobile lump under the Adam's apple in an outpatient assisted living patient with normal Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels?
How often should patients on Armour (thyroid hormone replacement medication) or Euthyrox (levothyroxine) be monitored with laboratory tests?
What is the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for a 12-year-old female with fatigue, low Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels, and normal Thyroxine (T4) levels?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with fever, sore throat, and papular/vesicular lesions on the inner cheek?
What is the most likely cause of reddish‑purple discoloration of the knuckles and how should it be evaluated and managed?
What does a fructosamine level of 472 µmol/L indicate regarding short‑term glycemic control?
Does a patient with a reactive varicella IgG result need shingles vaccination?
A patient with chronic constipation, normal TSH, and taking a calcium‑channel blocker (e.g., amlodipine) – what is the next step in management?
What causes hearing loss associated with nasal congestion and how should it be evaluated and managed?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.