What are the current guidelines for selecting vasopressors during percutaneous coronary intervention in the catheterization laboratory?

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Mga Gabay sa Pagpili ng Vasopressor para sa PCI sa Cathlab

Walang Tukoy na Guideline para sa Vasopressor sa PCI

Walang direktang guideline mula sa ACC/AHA/SCAI tungkol sa pagpili ng vasopressor habang ginagawa ang PCI sa cathlab. Ang mga PCI guidelines ay nakatuon sa procedural technique, antiplatelet therapy, at revascularization indications, hindi sa vasopressor management 1, 2.

Kung Kailangan ng Vasopressor Support sa Panahon ng PCI

Kung magkaroon ng hemodynamic instability o cardiogenic shock habang nasa cathlab, gamitin ang mga prinsipyo mula sa critical care guidelines:

Unang Linya: Norepinephrine

  • Norepinephrine ang dapat na unang gamiting vasopressor para sa anumang shock state na nangangailangan ng vasopressor support, simula sa 0.02–0.05 µg/kg/min at i-titrate hanggang makamit ang MAP ≥65 mmHg 3, 4.
  • Mas mainam kung may arterial line para sa continuous blood pressure monitoring 3, 4.
  • Ang norepinephrine ay nagpapataas ng blood pressure sa pamamagitan ng alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction habang may kaunting beta-1 cardiac stimulation, kaya napapanatili ang cardiac output 3, 4, 5, 6.

Pangalawang Linya: Vasopressin

  • Kung ang MAP ay nananatiling <65 mmHg kahit na ang norepinephrine ay umabot na sa 0.1–0.25 µg/kg/min, magdagdag ng vasopressin sa fixed dose na 0.03 units/min 3, 4.
  • Huwag gumamit ng vasopressin bilang monotherapy—dapat laging idagdag sa norepinephrine 3, 4.
  • Huwag lumampas sa 0.03–0.04 units/min dahil sa panganib ng cardiac, digital, at splanchnic ischemia 3, 4.

Pangatlong Linya: Epinephrine

  • Kung hindi pa rin umabot sa target MAP kahit may norepinephrine + vasopressin, magdagdag ng epinephrine simula sa 0.05 µg/kg/min hanggang 0.3 µg/kg/min 3, 4.

Para sa Persistent Hypoperfusion Kahit Adequate MAP: Dobutamine

  • Kung ang MAP ay ≥65 mmHg pero may patuloy na signs ng tissue hypoperfusion (elevated lactate, mababang urine output, altered mental status), magdagdag ng dobutamine 2.5–20 µg/kg/min lalo na kung may myocardial dysfunction 3, 4, 7.

Mga Vasopressor na Dapat Iwasan

Dopamine

  • Huwag gumamit ng dopamine bilang first-line agent dahil may 11% absolute increase sa mortality at mas mataas na incidence ng arrhythmias kumpara sa norepinephrine 3, 4, 7, 5, 8.
  • Ang dopamine ay ginagamit lamang sa mga piling pasyente na may bradycardia at mababang risk ng tachyarrhythmias 3, 4.
  • Huwag gumamit ng low-dose dopamine para sa "renal protection"—walang benepisyo at may strong recommendation laban dito (Grade 1A) 3, 7.

Phenylephrine

  • Huwag gumamit ng phenylephrine maliban sa tatlong specific situations: (1) kung ang norepinephrine ay nagdudulot ng serious arrhythmias, (2) kung documented high cardiac output pero persistent hypotension, o (3) bilang salvage therapy kung nabigo na ang lahat ng iba pang agents 3, 4, 7.
  • Ang phenylephrine ay pure alpha-agonist na maaaring magpataas ng blood pressure sa monitor pero makakasama sa tissue perfusion 3, 4.

Mga Kritikal na Monitoring Parameters

  • Continuous arterial blood pressure monitoring sa pamamagitan ng arterial catheter 3, 4.
  • Tissue perfusion markers tuwing 2–4 oras: lactate clearance, urine output ≥0.5 mL/kg/h, mental status, capillary refill 3, 4.
  • Cardiac output assessment kung gumagamit ng pure vasoconstrictors tulad ng vasopressin o phenylephrine 3.

Mga Common Pitfalls na Dapat Iwasan

  • Huwag mag-delay ng norepinephrine habang nag-aagresibong fluid resuscitation kung may severe hypotension 3.
  • Huwag mag-focus lang sa MAP numbers—ang tissue perfusion markers ay equally critical 3, 4.
  • Kung may extravasation ng norepinephrine, agad na mag-infiltrate ng 5–10 mg phentolamine diluted sa 10–15 mL saline 3, 4.
  • Huwag pagsamahin ang dopamine at epinephrine dahil sa additive adverse cardiovascular effects 3.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Vasopressor Management in Septic Shock

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Vasopressor Management for Coronary Angiography in Adults with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

Vasopressor Therapy.

Journal of clinical medicine, 2024

Guideline

Management of Septic Shock in Elderly Patients

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Vasopressor Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit.

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2021

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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