I have a low‑normal morning cortisol (302 nmol/L) and low DHEA‑sulfate (5.9 µmol/L) but no adrenal insufficiency; why are these values low?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: February 24, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

为什么在没有肾上腺功能不全的情况下,皮质醇和DHEA-S数值偏低?

您的早晨皮质醇302 nmol/L和DHEA-S 5.9 µmol/L虽然偏低但仍在正常范围内,这些数值可能反映了生理性变异、年龄相关的下降、或轻度的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴抑制,而不一定代表真正的肾上腺功能不全。1

理解"低正常值"的含义

  • 早晨皮质醇302 nmol/L(约11 µg/dL)高于诊断肾上腺功能不全的阈值(<250 nmol/L或<9 µg/dL),因此从技术上讲这是正常的,尽管处于正常范围的下限。2

  • 关键诊断阈值:

    • 早晨皮质醇<250 nmol/L(<9 µg/dL)伴ACTH升高确诊原发性肾上腺功能不全。2
    • 早晨皮质醇>550 nmol/L(>18-20 µg/dL)可排除肾上腺功能不全。2
    • 您的数值302 nmol/L处于这两个阈值之间的"灰色地带"。2

DHEA-S偏低的常见原因

  • 年龄相关的生理性下降: DHEA-S水平随年龄增长而自然下降,这是正常的生理现象,不一定表示疾病。3

  • 继发性肾上腺功能不全的早期指标: 在继发性肾上腺功能不全患者中,DHEA-S下降的频率显著高于皮质醇下降的频率——在一项研究中,84名患者中有80名(95%)DHEA-S降低,而只有71名(85%)皮质醇降低。4

  • 轻度HPA轴抑制: 即使是低剂量的外源性类固醇(包括吸入性糖皮质激素如氟替卡松)也可能抑制HPA轴,导致DHEA-S和皮质醇水平下降。2

需要进一步评估的情况

如果您有以下症状,应进行促肾上腺皮质激素刺激试验(cosyntropin试验):2

  • 持续疲劳、虚弱或体重减轻(50-95%的肾上腺功能不全患者出现)。1
  • 恶心、呕吐或食欲不振(20-62%的患者出现)。1
  • 体位性低血压或不明原因的低血压。2
  • 晨起恶心或食欲不振。2

促肾上腺皮质激素刺激试验方案:2

  • 静脉或肌肉注射0.25 mg(250 µg)cosyntropin。2
  • 在基线、注射后30分钟和60分钟测量血清皮质醇。2
  • 解读:
    • 峰值皮质醇<500 nmol/L(<18 µg/dL)确诊肾上腺功能不全。2
    • 峰值皮质醇>550 nmol/L(>18-20 µg/dL)排除肾上腺功能不全。2

DHEA-S作为筛查工具的价值

  • 正常的年龄和性别调整后的DHEA-S水平几乎可以排除肾上腺功能不全的诊断。3

  • 然而,低DHEA-S本身不足以确诊肾上腺功能不全——它需要结合低皮质醇和临床症状。3

  • 在评估继发性肾上腺功能不全时,同时测定血清皮质醇和DHEA-S水平是有用的,因为DHEA-S下降可能比皮质醇下降更早出现。4

重要的临床陷阱

  • 不要仅依靠单次早晨皮质醇测定: 早晨皮质醇140-275 nmol/L(5-10 µg/dL)的患者需要动态测试来明确诊断。2

  • 药物干扰: 如果您正在服用任何类固醇药物(包括泼尼松、吸入性氟替卡松等),这些药物会抑制HPA轴并导致检测结果混淆。2

  • 采样时间很重要: 如果血样不是在早晨8点左右采集的,可能会产生假性低值。2

  • 不要延误治疗: 如果您出现严重症状(如不明原因的低血压、虚脱、严重呕吐),应立即给予100 mg静脉注射氢化可的松和快速生理盐水输注,不要等待诊断检查结果。2

下一步建议

如果您没有症状:3

  • 您的数值可能代表正常的生理变异或年龄相关的下降。3
  • 随机血清皮质醇≥12 µg/dL(约330 nmol/L)或正常的年龄和性别调整后的DHEA-S水平,使肾上腺功能不全的诊断极不可能。3

如果您有症状:2

  • 需要进行促肾上腺皮质激素刺激试验来明确诊断。2
  • 同时测定早晨ACTH水平以区分原发性和继发性肾上腺功能不全。2
  • 如果有垂体微腺瘤病史,应评估其他垂体激素(TSH、游离T4、LH、FSH)。5

References

Guideline

Diagnosing Adrenal Insufficiency in Hypo-osmolar Hyponatremia

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Research

Biochemical diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: the added value of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate measurements.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2011

Research

Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in secondary adrenal insufficiency.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1987

Guideline

Management of Adrenal Insufficiency During PCOS Evaluation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Related Questions

With a low‑normal morning cortisol (~11 µg/dL) and low DHEA‑S, but no symptoms, does this indicate permanent adrenal damage due to secondary adrenal insufficiency?
What does a low serum cortisol and low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate after a dexamethasone suppression test indicate, and how should secondary (or tertiary) adrenal insufficiency be confirmed and treated?
Would a positive cosyntropin (Cortrosyn) stimulation test with normal aldosterone levels be considered primary adrenal insufficiency?
What lab tests are used to diagnose adrenal problems in patients?
What is the diagnosis and treatment plan for an adult patient with a history of adrenal insufficiency, presenting with low DHEA-S levels and abnormal DST results?
What factors determine the level (height) of a spinal anesthesia block?
In a reproductive‑age woman with insulin resistance or PCOS, does metformin 1500 mg daily improve implantation when taken concurrently with letrozole 10 mg on cycle days 3–7?
In an adult with suspected acute bacterial parotitis who is already receiving vancomycin 1 g IV and not improving, should I add another antibiotic to cover gram‑negative and anaerobic organisms?
What breast cancer surveillance and risk‑reduction management is recommended for a patient with a pathogenic ATM mutation and a strong family history of breast cancer, whose family also carries TMEM127 variants?
How should renal kallikrein‑kinin system damage be evaluated and managed?
What is the appropriate evaluation and management of urinary urgency in a patient with a cystocele (bladder prolapse)?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.