Philtrum
The anatomical name for the region between the base of the nose and the upper lip is the philtrum. 1
Anatomical Definition and Structure
The philtrum is one of the defining features of the normal upper lip, consisting of a central dimple flanked by two vertical ridges (philtral ridges or columns). 1, 2
Key Anatomical Components
Philtral dimple: The central depression between the nose and upper lip 1, 3
Philtral ridges (columns): The two vertical elevations on either side of the dimple that extend from the columella base (nasal spine) down to Cupid's bow 4, 2
Boundaries: The philtrum extends vertically from the columella base at the nasal spine superiorly to the vermilion border and Cupid's bow inferiorly 4, 2
Muscular Anatomy
The philtral structure is intimately related to the underlying orbicularis oris muscle configuration:
Philtral dimple formation: Created by contralateral deep orbicularis oris muscle fibers that cross the midline at the philtrum dimple to reach the lateral philtrum ridge 2
Philtral ridge formation: Formed by the intersection of superficial reticular muscle fibers from the levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, and orbicularis oris that insert into the medial philtrum ridge 2
The pars peripheralis of the orbicularis oris muscle is particularly important in philtral configuration 1, 5
Clinical Relevance
The philtrum serves as a key reference point in facial analysis, lying along the midline vertical that intercepts the glabella, nasal dorsum, nasal tip, columella base, upper incisors, and menton 4
Proper philtral anatomy is essential for normal facial aesthetics and is often disrupted in conditions such as cleft lip, where surgical reconstruction of this feature remains challenging 1