Differential Diagnosis for Urinary Frequency and Incontinence in a 7-year-old Male
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is a common cause of urinary frequency and incontinence in children. The symptoms can be due to the irritation of the bladder and urethra caused by the infection.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Overactive Bladder: A condition characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, sometimes accompanied by incontinence. It's a common cause of urinary symptoms in children.
- Constipation: Chronic constipation can cause urinary incontinence and frequency due to the pressure exerted on the bladder by the rectum.
- Neurogenic Bladder: Although less common, neurogenic bladder due to conditions like spina bifida can cause urinary incontinence and frequency.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to polyuria (excessive urine production), causing frequency and incontinence. Missing this diagnosis could lead to serious complications.
- Spinal Cord Injury or Tumor: Any condition affecting the spinal cord can lead to neurogenic bladder, presenting with urinary symptoms. Early detection is crucial for treatment and prevention of long-term damage.
- Posterior Urethral Valves: A congenital condition in males that can cause obstructive uropathy, leading to urinary frequency, incontinence, and potentially severe kidney damage if not addressed.
Rare Diagnoses
- Bladder Exstrophy: A rare congenital anomaly where the bladder is open and turned inside out, often associated with other urinary and genital anomalies.
- Prune Belly Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the absence of abdominal muscles, undescended testicles, and urinary tract anomalies, which can lead to urinary incontinence and frequency.
- Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra, which can cause obstructive urinary symptoms, including frequency and incontinence. This is less common in children but can occur due to trauma or infection.