Can ibuprofen reduce urethral inflammation and improve urinary retention in a 52‑year‑old man on postoperative day 4 after Aquablation who is already taking acetaminophen?

Ibuprofen for Urethral Inflammation and Urinary Retention Post-Aquablation

Ibuprofen can be used cautiously as part of multimodal analgesia on postoperative day 4 after Aquablation, but it will not directly resolve urinary retention caused by urethral inflammation—the retention requires mechanical management (catheterization or alpha-blockers) rather than anti-inflammatory treatment alone. 1

Pain Management Strategy Post-Aquablation

Multimodal analgesia using acetaminophen and NSAIDs (including ibuprofen) is recommended as first-line postoperative pain management after prostate procedures. 1 This approach:

• Reduces opioid requirements and associated complications like constipation, which can worsen urinary symptoms 1
• Provides adequate pain control for most patients when combined with acetaminophen 2
• Should be used cautiously once renal function is confirmed normal and bleeding risk has passed (typically safe by day 4) 2

Why Ibuprofen Won't Resolve the Retention

The urinary retention on postoperative day 4 is likely multifactorial and not primarily an inflammatory problem that NSAIDs can address:

• Urethral edema and prostatic swelling are mechanical obstructions that require time to resolve or mechanical intervention 3
• 40% of patients with preoperative acute retention fail their initial void trial after Aquablation, suggesting the problem is structural rather than inflammatory 3
• NSAIDs are listed as potential causes of drug-induced urinary retention in up to 10% of cases, though the mechanism is unclear 4

Appropriate Management of Post-Aquablation Retention

If the patient cannot void after catheter removal, re-insert the catheter and repeat the trial after 24-48 hours; intermittent catheterization every 4-6 hours is an alternative when post-void residual exceeds 100 mL. 1

Additional strategies include:

• Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) significantly improve successful voiding trials with a risk ratio of 1.55 (95% CI 1.36-1.76) compared to placebo 5
• Monitor post-void residual volume when the patient reports incomplete emptying or difficulty voiding 1
• 98% of Aquablation patients with preoperative retention achieve spontaneous voiding by 5 months, so patience with intermittent catheterization is reasonable 3

Specific Cautions with NSAIDs Post-Aquablation

While ibuprofen can help with pain, consider these risks:

• Potential for increased bleeding risk, though this is typically most relevant in the immediate postoperative period (days 0-2) 2
• Renal function must be assessed before starting NSAIDs, as this patient population has high risk for acute kidney injury 2
• Some retrospective data suggest NSAIDs may increase anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery, though a recent systematic review did not support this in colorectal cancer surgery 2

Practical Algorithm for This Patient

1. Continue acetaminophen for baseline analgesia 1
2. Add ibuprofen if pain is inadequately controlled and renal function is normal 2, 1
3. Address the retention mechanically: re-catheterize if unable to void, or start alpha-blocker therapy 1, 5
4. Avoid anticholinergics for bladder spasm as they can worsen retention 1
5. Ensure bowel management with stool softeners to prevent straining, which increases prostatic bleeding risk 1
6. Plan delayed void trial in 24-48 hours if initial attempt fails 1, 3