Historical Technique of the Original Broström Repair
I cannot provide a definitive answer to this question because none of the provided evidence documents describe the original 1966 Broström technique or how sutures were attached to bone in the first procedure.
Why This Question Cannot Be Answered from the Evidence
The evidence provided consists entirely of:
- Modern surgical techniques using suture anchors, bone tunnels, and contemporary fixation methods 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Unrelated surgical procedures involving periodontal surgery, nasal surgery, diaphragmatic hernia repair, and hip arthroscopy 6, 7, 8, 9
- No historical documentation of Broström's original 1966 technique
What the Modern Evidence Shows (Not the Original Technique)
Contemporary modifications of the Broström repair use:
- Suture anchors (3.5 mm metallic, double-loaded) inserted into the fibula to reattach the anterior talofibular ligament 4, 5
- Bone tunnels drilled through the lateral malleolus as an alternative to suture anchors 2
- Suture tape augmentation fixed directly to bone for enhanced biomechanical strength 1
Critical Gap in Evidence
The original Broström procedure from 1966 likely used direct suture-to-periosteum or transosseous suture techniques (based on general surgical knowledge from that era), but this cannot be confirmed from the provided evidence. Historical surgical literature from the 1960s would be required to answer this question accurately.