Differential Diagnosis for Hair Loss in a 12-Year-Old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Alopecia Areata: This is an autoimmune condition that leads to patchy hair loss. It's relatively common in children and can be triggered by stress, genetics, or other autoimmune diseases. The age of onset and the nature of hair loss (often in patches) make this a likely diagnosis.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Telogen Effluvium: This condition causes excessive hair shedding after a major body stress, such as severe illness, psychological stress, or significant weight loss. It's common and can be seen in children, especially after a stressful event.
- Tinea Capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp): A fungal infection that causes hair loss, usually in circular patches. It's contagious and common in children, making it a likely consideration.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins like biotin, vitamin D, or minerals such as zinc can lead to hair loss. Given the age, dietary habits or picky eating could contribute to such deficiencies.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss. These conditions require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term health issues.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause hair loss among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing these diseases.
- Cancer (e.g., Leukemia): Though rare, hair loss can be a symptom of certain cancers. It's essential to rule out these life-threatening conditions.
Rare Diagnoses
- Congenital Alopecia: Conditions present at birth that affect hair growth, such as congenital alopecia areata or androgenetic alopecia in very young children.
- Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder where individuals compulsively pull out their hair, leading to noticeable hair loss. It's less common but should be considered, especially if other explanations are ruled out.
- Genetic Disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as ectodermal dysplasias, can lead to hair loss. These are rare but important to diagnose for appropriate management and genetic counseling.