From the Guidelines
The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis among children in South India is approximately 15-20%, with higher rates observed in urban areas compared to rural regions, as indicated by recent studies 1. This condition is characterized by eye redness, itching, tearing, and sometimes swelling of the eyelids, typically triggered by environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and air pollution. Management includes:
- Avoiding identified allergens
- Using preservative-free artificial tears for lubrication
- Topical antihistamines like olopatadine 0.1% or ketotifen 0.025% eye drops twice daily for acute symptoms, as recommended in the conjunctivitis preferred practice pattern 1 For moderate cases, short-term use of mild topical steroids such as fluorometholone 0.1% may be prescribed under medical supervision. Cold compresses can provide symptomatic relief, and in severe or persistent cases, oral antihistamines like cetirizine (5-10mg daily based on age) may be added. The prevalence has been increasing in recent decades due to urbanization, increased air pollution, and changing lifestyles. Children with a family history of allergic conditions like asthma or eczema are at higher risk, and the condition tends to worsen during specific seasons when allergen levels peak. It is essential to note that topical calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus may be used for moderate disease, as they target T-cell activity 1. However, these agents may make patients more susceptible to herpes simplex keratitis, and their use should be carefully considered. Overall, a comprehensive approach to managing allergic conjunctivitis in children in South India is crucial to reduce morbidity, mortality, and improve quality of life.
From the Research
Prevalence of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Children in South India
- There are no direct studies provided that specifically address the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in children in South India.
- However, a study on the epidemiology of allergic conjunctivitis 2 mentions that most children with allergic conjunctivitis have allergic rhinitis, and older population studies estimate a prevalence of 15-20% of allergic conjunctivitis, but more recent studies implicate rates as high as 40%.
- The provided studies mainly focus on the treatment and comparison of efficacy of different medications, such as ketotifen and olopatadine, for allergic conjunctivitis 3, 4, 5, 6.
- These studies do not provide specific information on the prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis in children in South India, but rather discuss the treatment options and efficacy of different medications for allergic conjunctivitis in general.