Differential Diagnosis for Holosystolic Murmur
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Mitral Regurgitation: This is the most common cause of a holosystolic murmur, resulting from the incomplete closure of the mitral valve, allowing blood to flow back from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Tricuspid Regurgitation: Similar to mitral regurgitation but involving the tricuspid valve, where blood flows back from the right ventricle into the right atrium during systole.
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A defect in the septum between the ventricles can cause a holosystolic murmur due to the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right ventricle during systole.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva: Although rare, this condition involves the rupture of an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva into an adjacent cardiac chamber, leading to acute heart failure and potentially life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
- Traumatic VSD: A ventricular septal defect caused by trauma, which can lead to severe and potentially life-threatening complications if not recognized and managed appropriately.
- Rare diagnoses
- Ebstein's Anomaly: A congenital heart defect involving the tricuspid valve and right ventricle, which can cause a holosystolic murmur due to tricuspid regurgitation.
- Congenital Mitral Regurgitation: A rare condition where mitral regurgitation is present from birth, often due to abnormalities in the mitral valve apparatus.