From the Research
The apex of lumbar lordosis is typically located at the L3-L4 vertebral level, as supported by the most recent and highest quality study 1. This means that the forward curvature of the lumbar spine reaches its maximum point between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. The natural curvature is essential for proper weight distribution and shock absorption in the spine. The lumbar lordosis develops as humans learn to walk upright and serves to balance the thoracic kyphosis (backward curve in the upper spine), helping to position the head over the pelvis and maintain an efficient upright posture. Some key points to consider include:
- The degree of lumbar lordosis varies between individuals and can be influenced by factors such as age, gender, body weight, and muscle tone 2.
- Excessive lordosis (hyperlordosis) or reduced lordosis (hypolordosis) can contribute to back pain and other spinal issues, as they alter the normal biomechanics of the spine and the distribution of forces through the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs 3, 4.
- Postural changes can modify the location of the lumbar apex, usually shifting it to a more caudal position, but the position of the lumbar apex remains stable when calculated as the angular point of the global lordosis, regardless of postural changes 1. The most recent study 1 provides the strongest evidence for the location of the apex of lumbar lordosis, and its findings should be prioritized in clinical decision-making.