Does vaginal douching increase the risk of vaginal cancer?

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Last updated: April 27, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Douching can increase the risk of vaginal cancer, and it is strongly recommended to avoid this practice due to its potential to disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and introduce harmful chemicals to sensitive tissues. The most recent and highest quality study, 1, published in 2010, highlights the association between douching and adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ectopic pregnancy.

Key Points to Consider

  • Douching alters the vaginal flora, predisposing women to develop bacterial vaginosis, which is more prevalent among women who douche 1.
  • The practice of douching is associated with serious gynecologic outcomes, including increased risk of cervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and increased risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV 1.
  • Healthcare providers can influence women to stop douching by educating them about the potential health risks associated with this practice 2.
  • Gentle external washing with mild soap and water during regular bathing is sufficient for proper hygiene, and women should be advised against douching as it provides no health benefits and may cause harm 3.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice

  • Healthcare providers should ask women about their douching practices and beliefs associated with the practice at every opportunity 1.
  • Women who are concerned about vaginal odor or discharge should be advised to consult a healthcare provider rather than attempting to mask symptoms through douching 4.
  • Education and awareness about the potential health risks associated with douching can help reduce the prevalence of this practice and promote better vaginal health 2.

References

Research

An updated review of of evidence to discourage douching.

MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing, 2010

Research

Why women douche and why they may or may not stop.

Sexually transmitted diseases, 2003

Research

To 'douche' or not to 'douche': hygiene habits may have detrimental effects on vaginal microbiota.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018

Research

Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment.

American family physician, 2018

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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