Differential Diagnosis for a 4-year-old with a Viral Infection
Single most likely diagnosis
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD): This is a common viral illness in children, characterized by a rash on the face, hands, and feet, and sometimes a droopy face due to facial weakness. The illness typically resolves within 5 days.
Other Likely diagnoses
- Herpangina: A viral infection that causes a rash on the face and mouth, and can lead to facial weakness. It usually resolves within a few days.
- Enteroviral Infection: A broad category of viral infections that can cause a range of symptoms, including rash and facial weakness, and typically resolve within a few days.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause facial weakness and paralysis, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Bacterial Meningitis: A severe infection that can cause facial weakness, rash, and other symptoms, and requires immediate medical attention.
- Lyme Disease: A bacterial infection that can cause facial weakness (Bell's palsy) and a rash, and can have serious consequences if left untreated.
Rare diagnoses
- Kawasaki Disease: A rare condition that causes inflammation in the blood vessels, and can lead to facial weakness, rash, and other symptoms.
- Myasthenia Gravis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause facial weakness and muscle fatigue, which can be life-threatening if not properly managed.