What are the main side effects of estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board

Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review

Article Review Status

Submitted

Under Review

Approved

Last updated: March 7, 2026 • View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Related Questions

Can estrogen vaginal cream cause abnormal vaginal bleeding?

What are the signs and symptoms associated with the use of estrogen vaginal cream?

What are the five B's (Bleeding, Breast tenderness/enlargement, Bloating, Bowel changes, Bone effects) of estrogen therapy?

Is the sublingual (SL) route of estradiol (micronized 0.5mg) causing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as diarrhea, in a patient with a history of ulcerative colitis (UC), and would vaginal delivery be a better alternative?

What alternative progestins or formulations can be used instead of micronized oral progesterone?

In a patient receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, how can I differentiate chemotherapy‑induced oral mucositis from necrotic oral lesions?

What is the target mean arterial pressure (MAP) for patients with hepatorenal syndrome?

Can linaclotide (Linzess) be co‑administered with a selective serotonin‑reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, or venlafaxine, and what safety considerations apply?

How do I distinguish chemotherapy‑induced mucositis from neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) in a patient receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, and what are the appropriate management strategies for each condition?

What are the five B's (Bleeding, Breast tenderness/enlargement, Bloating, Bowel changes, Bone effects) of estrogen therapy?

Do anticholinergic medications (e.g., diphenhydramine, scopolamine, benztropine, oxybutynin, trihexyphenidyl) lower the seizure threshold and increase seizure risk in patients with epilepsy?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.