Differential Diagnosis for Itchy, Swollen Throat, Headache, Fatigue, and Cough
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Pharyngitis: This is the most likely diagnosis given the combination of symptoms such as itchy, swollen throat, headache, fatigue, and cough. Viral pharyngitis is a common condition caused by viruses like rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, and others, which typically presents with these symptoms.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Influenza: Influenza or the flu can present with similar symptoms including a sore throat, headache, fatigue, and cough. The itchy throat could be an initial symptom.
- Allergic Rhinitis: This condition can cause itchy throat, cough, and fatigue due to postnasal drip. Headache can also be associated due to sinus pressure.
- Acute Sinusitis: Sinus infection can cause headache, fatigue, cough, and a sore throat. The itchy sensation might be less common but could be related to the initial stages or as part of the broader symptom complex.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Epiglottitis: Although rare, epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. Symptoms can include a severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath. The initial presentation might be similar to less severe conditions, making it crucial not to miss.
- Strep Throat (Streptococcal Pharyngitis): While less likely to cause an itchy throat, strep throat is a bacterial infection that needs antibiotic treatment to prevent complications like rheumatic fever. It typically presents with a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, mono can present with sore throat, fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Although not immediately life-threatening, it can lead to complications like splenic rupture if not properly managed.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lemierre's Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a bacterial infection of the throat, which can lead to more severe complications like thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Symptoms can include severe sore throat, fever, and neck pain.
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection affecting the throat and upper respiratory system, which can cause a sore throat, cough, and in severe cases, respiratory failure. It's rare in areas with high vaccination coverage but can be seen in unvaccinated individuals or during outbreaks.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Although TB can cause a chronic cough and fatigue, it's less likely to present with an acute itchy, swollen throat. However, it's a consideration in individuals with risk factors for TB exposure or in endemic areas.