What causes a foreign body sensation (feeling of a grain of sand) in the eye?

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Differential Diagnosis for Grain of Sand Feeling in Eye

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Dry eye syndrome: This condition is characterized by insufficient lubrication of the eye, leading to a gritty or sandy sensation. It's a common issue, especially in individuals who spend a lot of time on computers, wear contact lenses, or live in dry environments.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Conjunctivitis (pink eye): This is an inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. It can cause a gritty feeling, along with redness, itching, and discharge.
    • Blepharitis: An inflammation of the eyelids that can cause a sandy or gritty sensation in the eyes, often accompanied by redness and itching.
    • Foreign body sensation: Actual presence of a small foreign body like an eyelash, dust, or a small particle in the eye can cause this sensation.
  • Do Not Miss diagnoses
    • Corneal ulcer: An open sore on the cornea, which can be extremely painful and cause a sensation similar to having sand in the eye. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including vision loss.
    • Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which can cause pain, sensitivity to light, and the sensation of having sand in the eye. It requires prompt treatment to prevent complications.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry eyes and mouth, leading to a gritty sensation in the eyes, among other symptoms.
    • Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis: A condition characterized by the appearance of small, dot-like lesions on the cornea, which can cause eye discomfort and a foreign body sensation.
    • Trichiasis: A condition where eyelashes grow inward toward the eye, potentially causing irritation and a sensation similar to having sand in the eye.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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