What causes bleeding gums during oral sex?

From the Guidelines

If you have bleeding gums, it's advisable to avoid oral sex until your gums heal to prevent potential transmission of infections, as recommended by the most recent study on sexual health in adolescents and young adults with cancer 1. Bleeding gums create an entry point for bacteria and viruses, increasing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV, herpes, gonorrhea, and syphilis. To address bleeding gums, improve your oral hygiene by:

• Brushing twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush, as suggested by the study on management of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal injury 1
• Using a mild fluoride-containing, non-foaming toothpaste
• Cleaning the area between the teeth once a day, but only if you are used to doing so, to avoid breaking the epithelial barrier and causing gingival bleeding 1
• Using an antimicrobial mouthwash like chlorhexidine See a dentist to treat the underlying cause, which is often gingivitis or periodontitis. While your gums heal, consider using dental barriers like dental dams during oral sex to reduce infection risk, as recommended by the study on sexual health in adolescents and young adults with cancer 1. Bleeding gums typically improve within 1-2 weeks with proper care, but persistent bleeding requires professional dental evaluation. Remember that good oral health is important not only for preventing infections during intimate contact but also for your overall health. In patients receiving therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy medications can be found in bodily fluids, and using a barrier device, such as a condom or dental dam, can help reduce the risk of partner exposure 1.

From the Research

Oral Sex and Bleeding Gums

• Bleeding gums can increase the risk of infection during oral sex, as a cut in the mouth, bleeding gums, lip sores, or broken skin can facilitate the transmission of pathogens 2
• Oral health has a direct impact on the transmission of infection, and maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing the transmission of diseases during oral sex

Causes of Bleeding Gums

• Gingivitis, a reversible inflammatory condition caused by the accumulation and persistence of microbial biofilms (dental plaque) on the teeth, can lead to bleeding gums 3
• Periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease, can also cause bleeding gums and may lead to loss of the soft tissue and bony support for the tooth

Treatment of Bleeding Gums

• Chlorhexidine mouthrinse can be used as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene procedures to reduce gingivitis and plaque 3, 4, 5
• Antibiotics such as amoxicillin and metronidazole can be used in combination with non-surgical periodontal treatment to improve the efficacy of treatment for chronic periodontitis 6
• Topical application of chlorhexidine and metronidazole gels can also be effective in managing gingivitis 4

Prevention of Infection during Oral Sex

• Using protection and safer sex precautions can reduce the risk of infection during oral sex 2
• Maintaining good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, can also help prevent the transmission of diseases during oral sex
• Avoiding oral sex if you have bleeding gums or other oral health issues can also help prevent the transmission of infection 2