Differential Diagnosis for Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Pharyngitis: Given the symptoms of anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, aches, and pain radiating up to the jaw and down the neck without systemic symptoms, viral pharyngitis is a common and likely cause. The absence of jaw claudication and systemic symptoms further supports this diagnosis, as it often presents with localized symptoms.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Although similar to viral pharyngitis, streptococcal pharyngitis is caused by a bacterial infection and can present with similar symptoms, including lymphadenopathy and pain. The lack of systemic symptoms does not rule out this diagnosis.
- Mononucleosis (Infectious Mononucleosis): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, this condition can lead to lymphadenopathy, including in the cervical region, and may cause pain that radiates to the jaw and neck. However, it often includes systemic symptoms such as fever and fatigue, which are not mentioned.
- Dental or Periodontal Infection: Infections of the teeth or gums can cause referred pain to the jaw and neck, along with lymphadenopathy. The absence of systemic symptoms and jaw claudication does not exclude this possibility.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lymphoma: Although less likely, lymphoma can present with lymphadenopathy and should be considered, especially if the lymphadenopathy is persistent or worsening. The absence of systemic symptoms does not rule out lymphoma.
- Tuberculosis: TB can cause cervical lymphadenopathy and should be considered, especially in individuals with risk factors for TB exposure. The lack of systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, or weight loss does not exclude this diagnosis.
- HIV Infection: Acute HIV infection can present with lymphadenopathy among other symptoms. Given the potential severity of missing this diagnosis, it should be considered.
Rare Diagnoses
- Sarcoidosis: This autoimmune disease can cause lymphadenopathy, including in the cervical region, but it is less common and often presents with other systemic symptoms or findings such as lung involvement.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A rare condition that causes lymphadenopathy, typically in the cervical region, and can be accompanied by fever and other systemic symptoms, although these are not always present.
- Castleman Disease: A rare disorder that can cause lymphadenopathy, among other symptoms. It is less likely but should be considered in the differential diagnosis due to its potential severity.