From the Research
For patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum, a healthy diet should focus on small, frequent meals that are low in fat and high in protein, as this approach helps manage symptoms and improve quality of life 1, 2. To achieve this, patients should aim for 5-6 smaller meals throughout the day rather than 3 large ones, which can help reduce digestive stress on the affected ileum. Some key points to consider when planning a healthy diet for these patients include:
- Including lean proteins like chicken, fish, eggs, and plant-based proteins
- Incorporating complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
- Avoiding high-fat foods (fried foods, fatty meats, full-fat dairy), alcohol, spicy foods, and caffeine, as these can trigger carcinoid syndrome symptoms like flushing and diarrhea
- Limiting foods high in amines such as aged cheeses, smoked meats, chocolate, and fermented foods, which can potentially trigger symptoms
- Staying well-hydrated, especially if experiencing diarrhea, as dehydration and electrolyte disturbances can exacerbate symptoms 2 Each patient's triggers may differ, so keeping a food diary to identify personal food sensitivities is recommended. Additionally, some patients may benefit from nutritional supplements if malabsorption is present, but this should be discussed with their healthcare provider 3, 4. It's also important to note that a multidisciplinary approach, including dietician support, is necessary for all malnourished patients with neuroendocrine tumors, as malnutrition can negatively impact outcome and quality of life 1, 5.