Differential Diagnosis for Unexplained Taste of Blood
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): This condition can cause stomach acid to flow up into the mouth, leading to a metallic or bloody taste. It's a common condition that can be triggered by various factors, including diet, obesity, and certain medications.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Nosebleed or sinus infection: Blood from a nosebleed or sinus infection can drip down the back of the throat, causing a taste of blood.
- Gingivitis or gum disease: Bleeding gums can release blood into the mouth, leading to a metallic or bloody taste.
- Dental issues: Dental problems such as gum recession, tooth decay, or a dental abscess can cause bleeding and a taste of blood.
- Medication side effects: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, aspirin, or certain antibiotics, can cause bleeding or a metallic taste in the mouth.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
- Pulmonary embolism or lung cancer: In rare cases, coughing up blood (hemoptysis) can occur, and the blood can be swallowed, leading to a taste of blood.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding: Bleeding from the stomach or intestines can cause a taste of blood, and if left untreated, can lead to severe anemia, shock, or even death.
- Head or neck cancer: Tumors in the head or neck can cause bleeding, leading to a taste of blood.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A rare genetic disorder that causes abnormal blood vessel formation, leading to bleeding and a taste of blood.
- Vitamin or mineral deficiencies: Deficiencies in vitamins or minerals such as vitamin B12 or iron can cause changes in taste, including a metallic or bloody taste.
- Psychogenic causes: In some cases, a taste of blood can be caused by psychological factors, such as anxiety or depression, although this is relatively rare.