From the Guidelines
Fluid-filled blisters on the skin can develop due to various causes, including friction, burns, allergic reactions, infections, and certain medical conditions, with the most recent evidence suggesting that infections such as varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex are common causes 1. When considering the development of fluid-filled blisters, it's essential to take into account the potential causes, which can be categorized into several groups, including:
- Friction and burns: repeated rubbing or exposure to heat, chemicals, or sunburn can cause fluid accumulation as part of the healing process
- Allergic reactions: contact dermatitis from allergens like poison ivy or irritants like certain soaps can trigger blister formation
- Infections: viruses like VZV and herpes simplex, as well as bacterial and fungal infections, can cause blisters
- Medical conditions: eczema, psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, and diabetes are examples of conditions that can lead to blistering According to the most recent guidelines, high-dose IV acyclovir remains the treatment of choice for VZV infections in compromised hosts, while oral acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are beneficial for VZV infections in otherwise healthy hosts 1. It's crucial to seek medical attention if blisters are widespread, extremely painful, show signs of infection, occur with fever, or appear without obvious cause. Treatment typically involves keeping the area clean, avoiding popping the blister when possible, and using petroleum jelly with a bandage for protection. Blisters form as a protective mechanism when fluid accumulates between skin layers to cushion injured tissue and allow healing underneath.
From the Research
Causes of Fluid-Filled Blisters
- Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections can cause cutaneous lesions, including fluid-filled blisters, as a result of the infection 2, 3
- These viruses can lead to the development of symptomatic recurrences, which may include the formation of blisters 2
- The reactivation of varicella-zoster virus can cause herpes zoster, also known as shingles, which is characterized by a painful rash and blisters 3, 4
- Antiviral therapy is available to treat these infections, but the development of resistance to these drugs can make treatment more challenging 4, 5
- The formation of fluid-filled blisters can be a symptom of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections, highlighting the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment 6