From the Research
Yes, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often have overexpressed ENPP1 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1), as supported by recent studies such as 1 and 2. This overexpression is particularly notable in various cancer types, including lung, ovarian, and breast cancer, and has been associated with poor prognosis in these diseases. ENPP1 is an enzyme that plays a role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and migration by hydrolyzing ATP to produce adenosine and pyrophosphate. In NETs, the overexpression of ENPP1 contributes to tumor progression by altering cellular metabolism and promoting cancer cell survival. The following key points summarize the relationship between ENPP1 and NETs:
- ENPP1 is a potential target for immunotherapy across multiple cancers, including NETs 2.
- High expression levels of ENPP1 have been observed in many cancer types, including NETs, and have been associated with poor prognosis 1.
- ENPP1 promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) by tilting the balance of ATP/adenosine (Ado) in conjunction with other components 1.
- Several ENPP1 inhibitors have shown an immunostimulatory effect, and their combination with other therapeutic modalities represents a promising avenue to boost antitumor-immune responses and to improve current clinical outcomes in several tumors, including NETs 1. However, it is essential to note that the provided studies do not specifically focus on NETs, but rather on the role of ENPP1 in various cancers. Therefore, further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between ENPP1 and NETs, and to explore the potential of ENPP1 as a therapeutic target in NETs.