Differential Diagnosis for Cervical Lymphadenopathy in a 15yo Female with Sore Throat
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Infectious mononucleosis (caused by Epstein-Barr virus): This is a common condition in adolescents that presents with sore throat, fever, and cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient's age and symptoms make this a likely diagnosis.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Streptococcal pharyngitis: This bacterial infection is a common cause of sore throat and can lead to cervical lymphadenopathy. It's essential to consider this diagnosis due to the potential for complications like rheumatic fever if left untreated.
- Viral pharyngitis: Various viruses can cause pharyngitis, which may result in cervical lymphadenopathy. This diagnosis is likely given the patient's symptoms, but it's often difficult to distinguish from streptococcal pharyngitis without testing.
- Reactive lymphadenopathy: This condition occurs when lymph nodes react to an infection or inflammation in the body, which could be caused by a variety of factors, including a sore throat.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lymphoma: Although less common, lymphoma can present with cervical lymphadenopathy and should be considered to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment.
- Tuberculosis: This infection can cause cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in areas with high prevalence. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its potential severity and the need for specific treatment.
- HIV infection: Acute HIV infection can present with sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy, making it essential to consider this diagnosis, especially if the patient is sexually active or has other risk factors.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Cat-scratch disease: Caused by Bartonella henselae, this infection can result in cervical lymphadenopathy, typically after a cat scratch or bite.
- Toxoplasmosis: This parasitic infection can cause cervical lymphadenopathy, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those who have ingested undercooked meat or contaminated water.
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic granulomatous disease that can cause cervical lymphadenopathy, although it's less common in adolescents.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: A rare, self-limiting condition that presents with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and night sweats, primarily affecting young women.