From the Research
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common form of generalized epilepsy that typically begins during adolescence, usually between ages 12 and 18, characterized by myoclonic jerks, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and sometimes absence seizures. JME is a genetic disorder, often with a family history of epilepsy, and is considered a lifelong condition. The diagnosis is typically made based on clinical symptoms, patient history, and confirmed with an electroencephalogram (EEG) that shows characteristic generalized spike-wave discharges. Some key features of JME include:
- Myoclonic jerks, which are brief, shock-like muscle contractions that most often affect the arms and shoulders, particularly in the morning shortly after waking
- Generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures may also occur
- JME is a genetic disorder with a family history of epilepsy
- The condition is considered lifelong, and treatment usually involves anti-seizure medications such as valproic acid, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or zonisamide 1, 2, 3. The most effective treatment for JME is valproic acid, but it should be avoided in women of childbearing age due to teratogenic risks, and alternative options such as lamotrigine or levetiracetam should be considered 4, 5. Patients should avoid seizure triggers including sleep deprivation, alcohol consumption, stress, and flickering lights. Most patients respond well to medication, achieving good seizure control, but typically need to continue treatment indefinitely as the risk of seizure recurrence is high if medication is discontinued. It is essential to note that some antiepileptic drugs can aggravate JME, and non-pharmacological treatments are also important in managing the condition 1.