From the Research
For geographical tongue, referral to a dentist or oral medicine specialist is recommended if symptoms are bothersome or persistent, as this condition is often associated with systemic diseases and requires multidisciplinary care 1. Most cases don't require specialist care as this condition is benign and often asymptomatic. If you experience pain or discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or topical anesthetics such as benzocaine gel can provide temporary relief. Avoiding spicy, acidic, or hot foods that trigger discomfort is also helpful. A dentist can prescribe stronger topical corticosteroids like dexamethasone rinse (0.5mg/5mL, rinse for 2 minutes and spit, 2-3 times daily) for more severe cases. Some studies suggest that topical application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide combined or not with 0.05% retinoic acid may be effective in treating geographical tongue 1. Referral to an oral pathologist might be warranted if the condition persists beyond several months, worsens significantly, or if there's uncertainty about the diagnosis. Geographical tongue is characterized by irregular red patches with white borders on the tongue surface that change location over time, and while its exact cause is unknown, it's associated with vitamin deficiencies, psoriasis, and stress 2. Key factors to consider in the management of geographical tongue include: