From the Research
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is primarily treated with supportive care, focusing on hydration, pain relief, and prevention of complications, as it's a viral infection that typically resolves on its own within 7-10 days. For symptom management, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can be used to reduce fever and alleviate discomfort, as recommended by the American family physician 1. Adults can take 325-650mg of acetaminophen every 4-6 hours or 200-400mg of ibuprofen every 4-6 hours, while children's dosing should be based on weight and age according to package instructions.
Key Considerations
- Staying hydrated is crucial, though cold fluids and ice pops may be more comfortable than acidic or spicy foods that can irritate mouth sores.
- Saltwater rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can soothe mouth ulcers.
- Rest is important for recovery, and maintaining good hygiene by washing hands frequently helps prevent spreading the virus to others.
- Since HFMD is caused by enteroviruses (commonly coxsackievirus), antibiotics are ineffective, as noted in a recent review 2.
Severe Cases
In severe cases of HFMD, particularly those caused by enterovirus A71, treatment may involve more intensive supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and administration of medications such as mannitol, dexamethasone, and gamma globulin, as described in a study on severe HFMD cases 3.
Prevention
Prevention of HFMD involves good personal hygiene, including frequent handwashing and disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces and fomites, as emphasized by the American family physician 1 and a narrative review 2. Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas may also be considered.
Treatment Approach
The treatment approach for HFMD should prioritize supportive care, focusing on symptom management and prevention of complications, rather than antiviral treatment, which is not currently available. This approach is supported by the most recent and highest quality evidence, including a narrative review published in 2022 2.