From the Research
For a siphon enema, 1-1.5 liters of liquid must be prepared. The error in equipment for gastric sounding is the large intestinal tube, which is inappropriate for this procedure. For a patient with gastric ulcer who developed "coffee density" vomiting, fibrogastroduodenoscopy is contraindicated due to the risk of exacerbating bleeding. For a patient with nausea and vomiting after poor-quality food, gastric lavage should be assigned first to remove toxins. For an unconscious patient who took sleeping pills, tracheal intubation and gastric lavage is the appropriate first aid to prevent aspiration while removing the toxin. For a 60-year-old patient with cardiovascular pathology and constipation, a cleansing enema from 1.5L of water would be preferred. For atonic intestinal impassibility, a siphon enema is necessary. The temperature for a cleansing enema should be 38-39°C. FGDS can be performed after gastric lavage in a patient with "coffee-thickness" vomiting. For a hypertonic enema, 10% sodium chloride solution should be used. Planned gastroduodenoscopy is performed 6-8 hours after the last meal. Preparation for sigmoidoscopy must include evening and morning cleansing enemas. When conducting a cleansing enema, the tip is first inserted toward the umbilicus. For a siphon enema, the tip is inserted parallel to the spine. If a patient develops cough and cyanosis during gastric probe insertion, the probe should be removed immediately. For Zimnitsky test, 8 containers should be prepared. For a patient with anal itching, feces examination for helminth eggs should be assigned first. Morning urine after waking up should be collected for a general urine test. Preparation for rectoromanoscopy includes all mentioned steps: two cleansing enemas the evening before, two cleansing enemas the morning of the study, and a diet excluding certain foods 3-4 days before the procedure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.