From the Guidelines
Creatine supplementation is not harmful to kidney function in healthy individuals, and its use does not lead to nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by a study published in 2020 in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases 1. When considering the potential impact of creatine on kidney health, it's essential to differentiate between creatine's effect on creatinine levels and actual kidney damage.
- Creatine may increase creatinine levels in the blood, but this does not necessarily indicate kidney damage.
- The study 1 highlights that in a patient with a solitary kidney, creatine supplementation did not alter kidney function, although it affected creatinine clearance measurements.
- It is crucial for individuals with pre-existing kidney disease or dysfunction to consult with a healthcare provider before using creatine supplements, as their kidney function may be more susceptible to potential changes.
- Staying well-hydrated while taking creatine is advisable, as it helps the body process the supplement efficiently.
- If any unusual symptoms occur while taking creatine, such as severe stomach discomfort or changes in urination, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional. The available evidence 1 suggests that creatine supplementation, when used appropriately, does not pose a significant risk to kidney health, and its benefits for athletic performance and muscle strength can be realized without compromising renal function.
From the Research
Creatine and Kidney Function
- The use of creatine supplements has been studied in relation to kidney function, with most research indicating that it does not have a significant impact on kidney health in individuals without pre-existing kidney disease 2, 3.
- Studies have shown that short- and long-term creatine supplementation does not affect kidney function in healthy athletes and bodybuilders, as measured by glomerular filtration rate and other indexes of kidney function 2.
- However, it is recommended that individuals with pre-existing kidney disease or those at risk for kidney dysfunction avoid using creatine supplements, as they may exacerbate existing kidney problems 2, 3.
Potential Risks and Interactions
- Creatine supplements may cause a temporary increase in serum creatinine levels, which can lead to an overestimation of kidney disease severity or misdiagnosis of chronic renal failure 3.
- Individuals with chronic kidney disease may have decreased endogenous creatine production, making dietary creatine intake more essential 4.
- The use of creatine supplements in combination with high-protein diets or potentially nephrotoxic medications may increase the risk of kidney damage or disease progression 3, 4.
Biomarkers and Kidney Disease Assessment
- Traditional biomarkers like creatinine have limitations in assessing kidney function, and new biomarkers like cystatin C and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) may offer improved sensitivity and specificity 5.
- The combination of traditional and new biomarkers may provide a more accurate diagnosis and management of kidney disease, leading to better patient outcomes 5.