From the Guidelines
Adderall and Vasculitis
Adderall, a medication containing amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, can cause vasculitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, as evidenced by its association with vascular complications 1, 2. Specifically, cases of vasculitis have been reported in individuals taking amphetamines, which are a key component of Adderall, highlighting the potential risk of this medication 2.
- The exact mechanism of Adderall-induced vasculitis is unclear, but it is considered a rare adverse event that may necessitate discontinuation of the medication and initiation of alternative treatments.
- Amphetamines, including those found in Adderall, have been associated with an increased risk of stroke, cerebral vasospasm, and vasculitis, particularly with prolonged use or at high doses 2.
- While the provided evidence does not directly link Adderall to vasculitis, the association between amphetamines and vascular complications suggests a potential risk, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and cautious use of Adderall, especially in patients with pre-existing vascular conditions or risk factors 1, 2.
Given the potential risks, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to be aware of the association between amphetamines, including Adderall, and vasculitis, ensuring prompt recognition and management of any adverse vascular events that may occur during treatment with this medication 2.
From the Research
Vasculitis and Adderall
- There is evidence to suggest that Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) may be associated with vasculitis, particularly in the context of peripheral vascular manifestations 3.
- A case series study published in 2019 found that 16 patients receiving amphetamine and its related derivatives and analogues (ADRA) presented with mild vasospastic symptoms involving the upper, lower, or both extremities, with 6 patients developing severe manifestations including tissue loss and the need for lower extremity amputation 3.
- The study also found that underlying rheumatologic disorders were present in 25% of the patients, and the presence of rheumatologic disease seemed to be associated with more severe vascular manifestations 3.
- While the exact mechanism of Adderall-induced vasculitis is not fully understood, it is thought to be related to the drug's effects on the vascular system, including vasoconstriction and increased total peripheral resistance 4.
Adderall Side Effects
- Adderall has been associated with a range of side effects, including hyperactivity, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, mydriasis, tremors, and seizures 5, 4.
- In rare cases, Adderall has been reported to cause non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and respiratory failure 6.
- The drug's side effects are thought to be related to its stimulant properties, which can cause excessive extracellular dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin 5.
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis of Adderall-induced vasculitis or other side effects typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies 3, 4.
- Treatment for Adderall-induced side effects usually involves discontinuation of the drug, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications 5, 6, 4.