What are the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease?

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Last updated: May 3, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Crohn's disease presents with various signs and symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life, including persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and unintended weight loss, and medical attention should be sought promptly if these symptoms occur. The disease can affect individuals of any age and may cause significant morbidity and impact on quality of life [QoL] 1. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and cramping, blood in stool, fatigue, reduced appetite, and unintended weight loss. Patients may also experience fever, mouth sores, inflammation of the skin and eyes, and anal fissures or fistulas.

  • The disease typically follows a relapsing-remitting pattern with periods of active symptoms (flares) alternating with periods of remission 1.
  • Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may develop gradually or come on suddenly.
  • Complications can include intestinal strictures, malnutrition, and increased risk of colorectal cancer.
  • The disease results from an abnormal immune response that causes inflammation in the digestive tract, most commonly affecting the end of the small intestine and beginning of the colon 1.
  • Symptoms vary depending on which part of the digestive tract is inflamed.
  • Children with Crohn's may experience delayed growth and development due to malnutrition and inflammation 1. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] produces several guidelines aimed at providing evidence-based recommendations for the management of Crohn’s disease, highlighting the importance of controlling inflammation and alleviating symptoms 1.

From the Research

Signs and Symptoms of Crohn's Disease

  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weight loss
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Fevers or chills 2
  • Fatigue
  • Unintentional weight loss 3

Disease Phenotypes

  • Inflammatory
  • Structuring
  • Penetrating 2

Complications

  • Perianal involvement of the disease 2
  • Extraintestinal manifestations 2
  • Intestinal complications 4

Diagnosis

  • Endoscopic and/or radiologic findings 2
  • Histological assessment of biopsy specimens 4

Treatment

  • Pharmacologic therapy 2
  • Surgery 2, 4
  • Biologic therapies or novel small molecules 4
  • Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine 5, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Concise Review.

South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association, 2023

Research

Crohn's disease.

Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2020

Research

Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015

Research

Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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