Differential Diagnosis for Submandibular Swelling
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Submandibular sialadenitis: This is an inflammation of the submandibular gland, often caused by bacterial or viral infections. It's a common condition that can cause swelling in the submandibular area, making it the most likely diagnosis due to its frequency and direct involvement of the gland.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Submandibular gland stones (sialolithiasis): Stones in the submandibular gland can cause obstruction and subsequent swelling. This condition is relatively common and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Dental infections: Infections originating from the teeth, especially the lower molars, can spread to the submandibular space and cause swelling. The proximity of the teeth to the submandibular gland and the potential for direct spread make this a plausible diagnosis.
- Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the submandibular area can cause swelling. This could be due to various causes, including infections or reactive lymphadenitis.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Submandibular abscess: Although less common, an abscess in the submandibular space can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. It requires urgent attention due to the risk of airway compromise and severe infection.
- Malignancy (e.g., lymphoma, metastatic cancer): Although rare, cancer can cause submandibular swelling. Missing a diagnosis of malignancy could have severe consequences, making it crucial to consider, especially in patients with risk factors or atypical presentations.
- Ludwig's angina: A severe infection of the submandibular space that can cause significant swelling and has the potential to compromise the airway. It's a medical emergency and must not be missed.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can affect the salivary glands, including the submandibular gland, leading to swelling. It's less common and typically presents with other systemic symptoms.
- Kimura disease: A rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that can cause lymphadenopathy and swelling in the submandibular area, among other symptoms.
- Branchial cleft cysts: Congenital anomalies that can present as swellings in the neck, including the submandibular area. They are usually diagnosed in childhood but can occasionally be found in adults.