From the Guidelines

For superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) of the cephalic vein, treatment typically involves symptomatic management and anticoagulation.

Anticoagulation with fondaparinux 2.5 mg subcutaneously once daily for 45 days or rivaroxaban 10 mg orally once daily for 45 days can be considered, as suggested by 1.
Symptomatic treatment involving warm compresses, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and elevation of the affected limb should be used as clinically indicated, as recommended by 1.
Patients with SVT associated with a peripheral catheter, such as a PICC line, may not require catheter removal if treated with anticoagulation and/or symptoms resolve, as noted by 1.
Monitoring for signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) is essential, and anticoagulation therapy should be adjusted based on individual risk factors and response to treatment, as suggested by 1.
Compression therapy with elastic stockings and elevation of the affected limb can help alleviate symptoms, although specific guidance for the cephalic vein is limited.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can be used for pain management, but should be avoided in patients with platelet counts less than 20,000 to 50,000/mcL or with severe platelet dysfunction, as cautioned by 1.

From the Research

The provided studies do not specifically address superficial venous thrombosis of the cephalic vein, but rather focus on superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) in general, often discussing the saphenous veins in the lower limbs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
SVT is characterized by an inflammatory-thrombotic process in a superficial vein, with typical clinical findings including pain and a warm, tender, reddish cord along the vein 3.
The treatment of SVT should be symptomatic, pathogenic, and prognostic, with anticoagulation recommended in specific clinical situations and symptom relief, and invasive treatment in a minority of cases 4.
The role of anticoagulation, including newer agents, is being elucidated, and surgical disruption of the saphenofemoral junction is less frequently used as first-line treatment 5.
A personalized treatment plan must be devised for individual patients, considering risk factors such as history of prior episodes of SVT, presence of varicosities, and provoking factors including malignancy and hypercoagulable disorders 5.
Anticoagulation has become the treatment of choice for extensive acute SVT in the great saphenous vein, but the dose and duration of anticoagulation vary widely 6.

SVT shares many risk factors with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including recent hospitalization, immobilization, autoimmune disorders, age > 75 years, prior VTE, cancer, and SVT in non-varicose veins 3.
The incidence of DVT has been reported to be 6%-40%, with symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurring in 2%-13% of patients, and asymptomatic pulmonary embolism occurring in up to one third of patients with SVT 5.
Risk factors for concomitant DVT include recent hospitalization, immobilization, autoimmune disorders, age > 75 years, prior VTE, cancer, and SVT in non-varicose veins 3.
The occurrence of non-varicose veins could conceal risk factors such as malignancies, thrombophilia, or Buerger's disease 4.

Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is an invaluable tool that provides the location of SVT, the proximity to the sapheno-femoral junction, and the clot length, all of which influence the decision for optimal management 4.
Ultrasound assessment and exclusion of DVT is essential, as clinical diagnosis may not be accurate 2, 3.