Differential Diagnosis for Hair Loss in a 14-Year-Old Girl
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Telogen Effluvium: This condition is characterized by excessive hair shedding, often triggered by hormonal changes, stress, or nutritional deficiencies. It's a common cause of hair loss in adolescents, especially during puberty when hormonal fluctuations are significant.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition leading to patchy hair loss, which can be triggered by stress or hormonal changes. It's relatively common in teenagers.
- Androgenetic Alopecia (Female Pattern Hair Loss): Although less common in young teenagers, it can start during puberty, especially if there's a family history.
- Traction Alopecia: Caused by hairstyles that pull on the hair, such as tight braids, ponytails, or cornrows, leading to hair loss, particularly around the hairline.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, zinc, biotin, or vitamin D can lead to hair loss. Given the dietary habits and potential for nutritional deficiencies in teenagers, this is a plausible cause.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism: Both conditions can cause hair loss, and while less common, missing a diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction could have significant health implications.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Characterized by hormonal imbalance, PCOS can lead to hair loss, among other symptoms like acne and irregular menstrual cycles. Early diagnosis is crucial for managing long-term health consequences.
- Autoimmune Disorders (e.g., Lupus): Systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases can cause hair loss and have serious health implications if not diagnosed and treated properly.
Rare Diagnoses
- Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to pull out one's own hair, leading to noticeable hair loss.
- Tinea Capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp): A fungal infection that can cause hair loss, usually accompanied by other symptoms like redness, itching, and scaling of the scalp.
- Congenital Conditions (e.g., Congenital Alopecia): Rare conditions present at birth that can cause hair loss.
- Hair Loss Due to Medication: Certain medications can cause hair loss as a side effect. While rare, it's essential to consider if the patient is on any long-term medications.