From the Guidelines
When examining your testes, you should check for any abnormalities in location, size, consistency, and contours, as these can reveal masses consistent with testicular cancer or other issues, as recommended by the most recent guidelines 1. To perform a thorough examination, start by visually inspecting your scrotum for any swelling, changes in size, or skin abnormalities. Then, using both hands, gently roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers, feeling for any lumps, bumps, changes in consistency, or tenderness. A normal testicle should feel smooth, oval-shaped, and somewhat firm but not hard. Pay attention to the epididymis, a soft tube-like structure on the back of each testicle that might feel like a small bump but is normal. Be alert for any pain, heaviness, or discomfort in the scrotum or groin area. Some key points to consider during the examination include:
- Location of the testes, as scrotal position is important for normal function 1
- Size, consistency, and contours of the testes, as a majority of the testis is devoted to spermatogenesis 1
- Presence of any masses or abnormalities, which could indicate testicular cancer or other conditions 1
- Presence and consistency of the vasa and epididymides, as well as any signs of varicocele or hydrocele 1 If you notice any unusual lumps, swelling, pain, or changes in size or texture, seek medical attention promptly, as these could indicate conditions ranging from infection to testicular cancer. Regular self-examination is important because testicular cancer, while rare, is most common in men between 15 and 35 years old, and early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes.
From the Research
Examination of the Testes
When examining the testes, there are several key factors to look for, including:
- Any abnormalities in the size, shape, or consistency of the testes 2
- The presence of any lumps or masses, which could be indicative of testicular cancer 2, 3
- Any signs of epididymitis, such as inflammation or tenderness, which can increase the risk of underlying testicular pathologies 4
- The presence of any other abnormalities, such as hydroceles, spermatoceles, or varicoceles, which can be detected through scrotal ultrasound 4
Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer
It is also important to be aware of the risk factors for testicular cancer, including:
- Undescended testis (cryptorchidism) 2
- Personal or family history of testicular cancer 2
- Age, with testicular cancer being the most common solid tumor among males 15 to 34 years of age 2, 3
- Ethnicity 2
- Infertility 2
Diagnostic Imaging
Scrotal ultrasonography is the preferred initial imaging study for diagnosing testicular cancer, and can help to detect any solid intratesticular masses or other abnormalities 2, 4