What is the cause of left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain?

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Last updated: May 5, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for LLQ Pain

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Diverticulitis: This is a common cause of left lower quadrant (LLQ) pain, especially in older adults. The pain is usually constant and accompanied by changes in bowel habits, fever, and nausea.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Constipation: Severe constipation can cause LLQ pain due to the accumulation of feces in the sigmoid colon.
    • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): IBS can cause recurrent abdominal pain, including LLQ pain, often accompanied by changes in bowel habits.
    • Ovarian cyst or torsion: In females, ovarian cysts or torsion can cause LLQ pain, which may be severe and sudden in onset.
    • Kidney stone: A kidney stone in the left ureter can cause severe LLQ pain, often radiating to the groin.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Although less common, a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm can cause LLQ pain and is a medical emergency.
    • Ectopic pregnancy: In females of childbearing age, an ectopic pregnancy can cause LLQ pain and is a life-threatening condition if not promptly diagnosed.
    • Intestinal obstruction: An intestinal obstruction can cause severe LLQ pain, vomiting, and constipation, and requires prompt surgical intervention.
    • Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis): These conditions can cause chronic LLQ pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Colonic cancer: Although less common, colonic cancer can cause LLQ pain, especially in older adults with a history of colon polyps or family history of colon cancer.
    • Endometriosis: In females, endometriosis can cause chronic LLQ pain, especially during menstruation.
    • Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: This rare condition can cause LLQ pain due to obstruction of the ureter.
    • Retroperitoneal fibrosis: This rare condition can cause LLQ pain due to inflammation and scarring of the tissues behind the peritoneum.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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