What is the relationship between Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and psychiatric illnesses?

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Last updated: May 5, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Ashwagandha should not be used as a replacement for conventional treatments for psychiatric illnesses, but rather as a potential adjunctive therapy under the guidance of a healthcare provider, due to its potential interactions and variable quality of supplements 1.

Key Considerations

  • The evidence for ashwagandha's effectiveness in treating psychiatric conditions is largely based on its potential to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression by modulating stress hormones like cortisol 1.
  • Typical dosages range from 300-600mg daily of standardized extract, taken for at least 8 weeks to see potential benefits 1.
  • Ashwagandha should be avoided by pregnant women, those with autoimmune conditions, and patients taking sedatives or thyroid medications due to potential interactions 1.
  • Side effects are generally mild but can include digestive upset, drowsiness, and headaches 1.

Recommendations

  • Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting ashwagandha, especially if you have a diagnosed psychiatric condition or take prescription medications, as herbal supplements are not regulated as strictly as pharmaceuticals and quality can vary significantly between products 1.
  • Consider cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or second-generation antidepressants as first-line treatments for major depressive disorder, as recommended by the American College of Physicians 1.
  • Lifestyle interventions, such as exercise and dietary changes, may also be beneficial in reducing symptoms of psychiatric conditions and improving overall health 1.

From the Research

Ashwagandha and Psychiatric Illness

  • Ashwagandha, also known as Withania somnifera, has been traditionally used to treat various psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Studies have shown that ashwagandha extract can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with schizophrenia 3 and healthy individuals 4, 5, 6
  • The key components of ashwagandha, including 12 alkaloids and 35 withanolides, have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of anxiety and stress 2

Mechanism of Action

  • The mechanism of action of ashwagandha in treating psychiatric disorders is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the stimulation of immune system cells, inhibition of inflammation, and improvement of memory 2
  • Ashwagandha has also been shown to reduce cortisol levels and increase serotonin levels, which can help to alleviate stress and anxiety 6

Efficacy and Safety

  • Studies have shown that ashwagandha supplementation can significantly reduce anxiety and stress levels in healthy individuals 4, 5, 6
  • Ashwagandha has been found to be safe and well-tolerated, with few adverse events reported 3, 5, 6
  • However, further studies are needed to fully establish the clinical efficacy and safety of ashwagandha in treating psychiatric disorders 4, 5

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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