What is the cause of periungual (around the nail) erythema (redness) and loss of lunulae (half-moon shaped whiteness at the base of the nail)?

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Differential Diagnosis for Periungual Erythema and Loss of Lunulas

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Psoriasis: This condition is characterized by periungual erythema, nail pitting, and loss of lunulas due to inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Eczema (Dyshidrotic or Atopic): Can cause periungual erythema and inflammation leading to loss of lunulas.
    • Lichen Planus: May involve the nails, leading to periungual erythema, nail thinning, and loss of lunulas.
    • Alopecia Areata: Although primarily an autoimmune condition affecting hair, it can also cause nail changes including periungual erythema and loss of lunulas.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A systemic autoimmune disease that can cause periungual erythema and nail changes, among other symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial due to the potential for severe organ involvement.
    • Dermatomyositis: An inflammatory disease characterized by skin and muscle involvement. Periungual erythema and nail changes can be part of the presentation, and missing this diagnosis could lead to delayed treatment of a potentially severe condition.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dryness in the eyes and mouth but may also involve the skin and nails, leading to periungual erythema and loss of lunulas.
    • Sarcoidosis: A condition characterized by the formation of granulomas in various parts of the body, which can rarely cause nail and periungual changes.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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