What is Spikevax (COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273))?

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Last updated: May 6, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Spikevax, the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Moderna, is recommended for primary immunization in individuals 12 years and older, with a two-dose regimen given 28 days apart, and booster doses are recommended for eligible individuals, usually at least 2 months after completing the primary series, as per the latest guidelines from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 1.

Key Points

  • Spikevax is an mRNA vaccine that works by delivering messenger RNA that instructs cells to produce a harmless piece of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, triggering an immune response that helps protect against future COVID-19 infection.
  • The vaccine has shown approximately 94% efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 in clinical trials, as reported in a study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1.
  • Common side effects include injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, and fever, which typically resolve within a few days.
  • Booster doses are recommended for eligible individuals, usually at least 2 months after completing the primary series, with bivalent mRNA vaccines authorized for use as a booster dose in persons aged ≥5 years who completed any FDA-approved or FDA-authorized primary series 1.

Recommendations

  • Individuals 12 years and older should receive the Spikevax vaccine as part of their primary immunization series, with a two-dose regimen given 28 days apart.
  • Eligible individuals should receive a booster dose of the bivalent mRNA vaccine at least 2 months after completing the primary series.
  • The vaccine is recommended for use in adults 18 and older, with full FDA approval, while remaining under emergency use authorization for adolescents 12-17.

From the FDA Drug Label

For individuals with certain kinds of immunocompromise turning from 11 years to 12 years of age during the vaccination series, complete the 3-dose series with 1 or 2 doses, as applicable, of SPIKEVAX (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula) on or after the date the individual turns 12 years of age

  • Spikevax is authorized under EUA for certain uses in individuals turning 12 years of age during the vaccination series 2.
  • The FDA-licensed vaccine SPIKEVAX (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (2024-2025 Formula) is indicated for active immunization to prevent COVID-19 in individuals 12 years of age and older 2.

From the Research

Spikevax Overview

  • Spikevax, also known as mRNA-1273, is a COVID-19 vaccine that has been studied in various clinical trials and research papers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
  • The vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective in preventing severe COVID-19 disease and reducing the risk of complications and death 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Efficacy of Spikevax

  • Studies have demonstrated that Spikevax is effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron variant 5, 7
  • The vaccine has been shown to induce both mucosal and systemic antibody responses, which is critical in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication 7
  • Booster doses of Spikevax have been found to increase protection against COVID-19, particularly in older adults and those with compromised immune systems 4, 6

Booster Dose Strategies

  • Research suggests that booster doses of Spikevax should be administered annually, 3-4 months ahead of peak winter, to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations 4
  • The use of bivalent mRNA vaccines, such as mRNA-1273.222, has been shown to induce robust immune responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants 7
  • Strategic efforts are needed to encourage eligible individuals to receive booster doses, particularly those aged 65 years and older, and those who are immunocompromised 6

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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