From the Guidelines
A Crohn's disease patient should follow a Mediterranean diet rich in a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, monounsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean proteins, and low in ultraprocessed foods, added sugar, and salt, as recommended by the American Gastroenterological Association 1. This diet helps reduce intestinal inflammation and minimizes irritation to the digestive tract. Some key points to consider:
- Patients with symptomatic intestinal strictures may need to modify their diet to avoid fibrous, plant-based foods or cook and process them to a soft, less fibrinous consistency 1.
- Exclusive enteral nutrition using liquid nutrition formulations can be an effective therapy for induction of clinical remission and endoscopic response in Crohn’s disease, especially in children 1.
- A healthy, balanced, Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower risk of developing IBD and can help improve quality of life in patients with IBD 1.
- Nutritional counseling and regular screening for malnutrition are essential for patients with IBD to ensure they receive adequate nutrition and to prevent malnutrition 1.
- Patients should work with a registered dietitian to develop an individualized plan that meets their nutritional needs while managing symptoms. It's also important to note that while some studies suggest that gluten avoidance may not be necessary for all patients with IBD, individual tolerance and sensitivity should be taken into account 1. Overall, a personalized approach to diet and nutrition, taking into account the individual's specific needs and circumstances, is crucial for managing Crohn's disease and improving quality of life.
From the Research
Diet Recommendations for Crohn's Disease Patients
- A Crohn's disease patient's diet should focus on managing symptoms and preventing malnutrition, as protein malnutrition and vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common 2
- Dietary fibers and omega-3 fatty acids are considered safe, but there is no evidence to support their use as a treatment for Crohn's disease 2
- Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and may be beneficial in reducing disease activity and improving quality of life 3, 4, 5
- A nutritionally balanced inflammatory bowel disease nutrition formula (IBDNF) enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotics, and antioxidants may improve nutrition status and disease activity in Crohn's disease patients 3
Foods to Include
- Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oil, may be beneficial in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms 3, 4, 5
- Foods high in vitamin D, such as fatty fish, egg yolks, and fortified dairy products, may help improve vitamin D status, which is often deficient in Crohn's disease patients 3
- Foods rich in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may be beneficial in promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation
Foods to Avoid
- There is no specific evidence to support the avoidance of certain foods in Crohn's disease patients, but it is recommended to avoid foods that trigger symptoms or worsen disease activity 2
- Some patients may need to avoid foods high in fiber or fatty acids if they experience worsening symptoms or malabsorption 2
Supplements
- Omega-3 fatty acid supplements, particularly EPA and DHA, may be beneficial in reducing disease activity and improving quality of life 3, 4, 5
- Probiotics are not recommended for Crohn's disease patients, but may be beneficial in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis patients 2
- Vitamin D supplements may be necessary to improve vitamin D status, particularly in patients with deficient levels 3