Differential Diagnosis
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Photokeratitis (also known as ultraviolet keratitis or welder's eye): This condition is caused by exposure to intense ultraviolet or blue light, which can damage the corneal epithelium. The symptoms described, such as a burning sensation, heavy feeling in the eye, and momentary cramp, are consistent with photokeratitis. The fact that the symptoms started after exposure to the LED flash and have been improving over time also supports this diagnosis.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Dry eye syndrome: Prolonged exposure to a bright light source can cause dryness and irritation in the eye, leading to a burning sensation and discomfort.
- Corneal abrasion: Although the individual did not report any direct contact with the lens or light source, it is possible that the intense light caused a minor abrasion on the cornea, leading to the symptoms described.
- Do Not Miss:
- Solar retinopathy: Although the individual did not look directly at the light source, it is still possible that the intense light caused damage to the retina. Solar retinopathy can lead to serious and permanent vision loss if not promptly treated.
- Uveitis: This is an inflammation of the uvea, which can be caused by trauma, infection, or exposure to intense light. Uveitis can lead to serious complications, including vision loss, if not properly treated.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Electromagnetic radiation-induced cataract: Exposure to high-intensity electromagnetic radiation, such as that emitted by an LED flash, can potentially cause cataract formation. However, this is a rare condition and would likely require much longer exposure times.
- Blue light-induced maculopathy: Some studies have suggested that prolonged exposure to blue light, such as that emitted by LED devices, can cause damage to the macula and lead to vision loss. However, this is still a topic of debate and would require much longer exposure times than what was described.