Which has higher Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, cheese or milk?

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Last updated: May 8, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Cheese generally contains more IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1) than milk. This is because cheese is a concentrated form of milk, where the protein and fat components become more concentrated during the cheese-making process. During cheese production, water is removed from milk, which results in the concentration of many components, including IGF-1. The concentration factor varies depending on the type of cheese, with harder cheeses typically containing higher levels of IGF-1 than softer varieties. IGF-1 is a hormone naturally present in milk that plays a role in growth and development. Some key points to consider when evaluating IGF-1 in cheese and milk include:

  • The impact of processing on IGF-1 levels, as seen in cheese production 1
  • The potential effects of bovine growth hormone (rBGH or BST) on IGF-1 levels in dairy products 1
  • The variation in IGF-1 levels among different types of cheese and milk products It's worth noting that both milk and cheese from cows treated with bovine growth hormone (rBGH or BST) may contain higher levels of IGF-1 compared to products from untreated cows. If you're concerned about IGF-1 intake, choosing organic dairy products or those labeled as rBGH-free might be preferable, as these come from cows not treated with growth hormones.

From the Research

Comparison of IGF-1 in Cheese and Milk

  • There are no direct research papers provided to compare the IGF-1 levels in cheese and milk 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
  • The studies provided focus on the relationship between IGF-1 and cancer risk, as well as the role of IGF-1 in cancer biology, but do not provide information on the IGF-1 content of specific dairy products.
  • To determine which has more IGF-1, cheese or milk, further research would be needed to analyze the IGF-1 levels in these dairy products.

IGF-1 and Dairy Products

  • While the provided studies do not directly compare IGF-1 levels in cheese and milk, they do suggest that dietary factors can influence IGF-1 levels in the body 2, 3.
  • For example, a Western lifestyle characterized by high dietary intake of animal protein, saturated fats, and rapidly digestible carbohydrates is associated with increased IGF-1 levels 2.
  • However, without specific data on the IGF-1 content of cheese and milk, it is not possible to conclude which dairy product has more IGF-1.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Risk of Total and 19 Site-Specific Cancers: Cohort Study Analyses from the UK Biobank.

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2020

Research

IGF-1 and prostate cancer.

Novartis Foundation symposium, 2004

Research

The IGF-1 receptor in cancer biology.

International journal of cancer, 2003

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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