From the Guidelines
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection can last anywhere from 7 to 10 days in most people, but may persist for up to 2 weeks in some cases, with symptoms potentially lasting longer in vulnerable populations. The duration of HMPV infection is influenced by various factors, including the individual's immune status and the presence of underlying health conditions. According to the guidelines from the fourth European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-4) 1, HMPV infection is commonly diagnosed by NAT, and rates range from 2.5% to 9% during the first 2 years after allogeneic HSCT. Some key points to consider about HMPV infection include:
- Asymptomatic and prolonged shedding has been reported in HSCT patients 1
- HPMV URTID in HSCT patients can present with flu-like symptoms 1
- In HSCT patients with pneumonia, HMPV is frequently codetected with other pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and other CARVs, as well as cytomegalovirus, all which obscure the attributable morbidity 1
- Recipient cytomegalovirus seropositivity was a risk factor in one study of HSCT patients 1
- Single cases of severe disease and fatal outcome have been reported 1 It is essential to note that while some centers consider treating HMPV LRTID with ribavirin and/or IVIG, there is currently a lack of supporting studies 1. In terms of prevention, practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help prevent transmission during the contagious period, which typically lasts for about 5-7 days after symptoms begin. Overall, the management of HMPV infection should be focused on supportive care, including rest, adequate hydration, and over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to manage fever and discomfort, with medical intervention potentially necessary in cases of complications or severe disease.
From the Research
Duration of Metapneumovirus Infection
- The duration of metapneumovirus infection is not explicitly stated in the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- However, it is mentioned that nearly every child will be infected with human metapneumovirus (HMPV) by the age of 5, and immunity is incomplete, with re-infections occurring throughout adult life 4.
- The symptoms of HMPV infection can range from mild to severe and may last for an unspecified duration, depending on the individual's immune status and other factors 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Factors Influencing Duration
- The severity of the disease, viral load, and presence of underlying health conditions can influence the duration of metapneumovirus infection 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The studies suggest that HMPV infection can cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, mostly in young children, and contribute to hospitalization of individuals with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and cancer 5.
- However, the exact duration of metapneumovirus infection is not specified in the provided studies.
Treatment and Prevention
- Currently, available treatments for HMPV infections are only supportive, and antiviral drugs are employed in cases of severe disease as a last resort 2, 3, 6.
- Research is ongoing to develop new approaches for immunization and therapy against human metapneumovirus, including vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibodies 3, 4.
- The development of effective antiviral therapeutics and immunization strategies may help reduce the duration and severity of metapneumovirus infection 3, 4, 6.