What is the optimal site for a punch biopsy in erythema nodosum (erythema nodosum)?

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Last updated: May 9, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

The best area to take a punch biopsy from erythema nodosum is from the center of a fresh, early lesion that is less than one week old, specifically from the extensor surfaces of the extremities, particularly the anterior tibial areas, as these are the most common sites of involvement 1. When performing the biopsy, it is essential to select a lesion that has not undergone significant evolution or treatment, as older lesions may show non-specific inflammation or scarring that can obscure the diagnostic features.

  • The biopsy should be deep enough to include subcutaneous fat, as erythema nodosum is a panniculitis that primarily affects the subcutaneous fat layer.
  • A 6mm or 8mm punch biopsy is typically recommended to ensure adequate sampling of the subcutaneous tissue.
  • The biopsy should extend through the dermis into the subcutaneous fat to capture the characteristic septal panniculitis with granulomatous inflammation that defines erythema nodosum. However, it is crucial to note that a firm clinical diagnosis of erythema nodosum can normally be made, and biopsy is not usually appropriate 1, but when performed, the histology reveals a non-specific focal panniculitis.
  • The key to a successful biopsy is to obtain a sample from a fresh lesion, as this will increase the likelihood of capturing the characteristic pathologic changes of erythema nodosum.
  • It is also important to avoid biopsying lesions that have undergone significant treatment, as this can alter the histologic appearance and make diagnosis more challenging.

From the Research

Erythema Nodosum Biopsy

  • The best area to take a punch biopsy from erythema nodosum is not explicitly stated in the provided studies.
  • However, according to the study 2, erythema nodosum is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area, which may be a suitable location for a biopsy.
  • The study 3 discusses skin biopsy techniques, including punch biopsy, but does not specifically address erythema nodosum.
  • The other studies 4, 5, and 6 do not provide relevant information on the best area for a punch biopsy in erythema nodosum.
  • It is essential to note that the decision to perform a biopsy and the choice of biopsy site should be made on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the individual patient's condition and medical history, as mentioned in the study 2.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Erythema Nodosum: A Practical Approach and Diagnostic Algorithm.

American journal of clinical dermatology, 2021

Research

Skin Biopsy Techniques.

Primary care, 2022

Research

[Contribution to the formal origin of multiple branched ossifications in the lung].

Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1979

Research

Heterogeneity of histidine transport in the Ehrlich cell.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1976

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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