What are the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants?

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From the Guidelines

Symptoms of acid reflux in babies typically include feeding refusal, recurrent vomiting, poor weight gain, irritability, sleep disturbance, and respiratory symptoms, as noted in the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline for the management of gastroesophageal reflux in children 1. These symptoms can be difficult to diagnose in infants, especially since medication does not always resolve symptoms. According to the guideline, other symptoms associated with GERD in infants include coughing, choking, wheezing, or upper respiratory tract symptoms 1. Some key points to consider when evaluating symptoms of acid reflux in babies include:

  • Feeding patterns, such as refusal to eat or difficulty eating
  • Physical discomfort, such as arching of the back during feedings
  • Respiratory issues, such as coughing or gagging
  • Sleep disturbances and poor weight gain The guideline recommends modifying maternal diet in breastfed infants and changing formula in formula-fed infants, reducing feeding volume while increasing feeding frequency, and thickening formula as potential management strategies 1. It's essential to note that most cases of infant reflux are normal and resolve by 12-18 months as the digestive system matures. However, if symptoms are severe or accompanied by breathing difficulties, poor weight gain, or forceful vomiting, consultation with a pediatrician is necessary to determine the best course of action, which may include medication like infant antacids 1.

From the Research

Symptoms of Acid Reflux in Baby

There are no research papers provided to directly assist in answering this question, as the studies focus on the treatment of acid reflux in adults using proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2-receptor antagonists.

  • The studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 discuss the efficacy and safety of various medications, such as lansoprazole and ranitidine, in treating reflux oesophagitis and nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults.
  • These studies do not provide information on the symptoms of acid reflux in babies.
  • To determine the symptoms of acid reflux in babies, it would be necessary to consult pediatric-focused research studies or clinical guidelines.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Lansoprazole: a proton pump inhibitor.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1996

Research

The choice of proton pump inhibitor: does it matter?

Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2004

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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