From the Guidelines
Viral pneumonitis and viral interstitial pneumonia (VIP) are essentially the same condition, with the primary difference being the context in which the terms are used. The terms viral pneumonitis and VIP are often used interchangeably to describe inflammation of the lung tissue caused by a viral infection, with VIP specifically describing the radiographic pattern showing interstitial involvement [ 1 ]. The treatment approach for both conditions is primarily supportive, including oxygen therapy, adequate hydration, and rest. In specific cases, such as pneumonia caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV), antiviral medications like parenteral acyclovir may be recommended [ 1 ]. Key considerations in managing viral pneumonitis or VIP include:
- Identifying the causative virus to guide specific antiviral treatment
- Providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications
- Ruling out bacterial co-infection, which may require antibiotic treatment
- Monitoring for severity and potential need for hospitalization for respiratory support. Given the clinical similarity between viral pneumonitis and VIP, the focus should be on prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive care to improve outcomes in terms of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.
From the Research
Definition of Viral Pneumonitis vs VIW
- Viral pneumonitis refers to inflammation of the lungs caused by a viral infection, which can lead to morbidity and mortality, especially in extreme ages of life 2.
- The term VIW is not explicitly defined in the provided studies, but it can be inferred that it may refer to viral infections of the respiratory tract, including viral pneumonitis.
- Viral pneumonitis can be caused by various viruses, including influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and coronavirus, among others 2, 3.
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
- The clinical presentation of viral pneumonitis can range from mild to severe pneumonitis complicated by respiratory failure in severe cases 2.
- Accessory symptoms, such as anosmia or ageusia, together with respiratory symptoms, may suggest COVID-19 2.
- No clinical characteristics can be useful to conclusively distinguish the different etiology of viral pneumonia 2.
Treatment and Management
- An etiologic-based treatment of viral pneumonia is possible in a small percentage of cases only 2.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors have been proven to reduce the need for ventilatory support and mortality rate in some cases 2.
- Remdesivir has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients requiring supplemental oxygen, including those with severe or critical disease 4.
- Tocilizumab plus remdesivir did not shorten time to hospital discharge or "ready for discharge" compared with placebo plus remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia 5.