Differential Diagnosis of Isolated Apical Hypertrophic Left Ventricular
The differential diagnosis for isolated apical hypertrophic left ventricular can be categorized as follows:
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) - Apical variant: This condition is characterized by asymmetric septal hypertrophy, but the apical variant presents with isolated thickening of the left ventricular apex. It's a common cause of isolated apical hypertrophy and can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Mid-Ventricular Obstruction: This condition is similar to HCM but involves obstruction of the mid-ventricle.
- Fabry Disease: A genetic disorder that can cause left ventricular hypertrophy, including isolated apical hypertrophy, due to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide.
- Amyloidosis: A condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins in the heart, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and potential isolated apical hypertrophy.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Cardiac Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory condition that can cause granulomatous infiltration of the heart, leading to scarring and potential isolated apical hypertrophy. If missed, it can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias.
- Lymphoma or other cardiac tumors: Although rare, cardiac tumors can cause isolated apical hypertrophy and must be considered to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Rare Diagnoses
- Friedreich's Ataxia: A genetic disorder that can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including isolated apical hypertrophy, as part of its systemic manifestations.
- Danon Disease: A rare genetic disorder characterized by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including isolated apical hypertrophy, and intellectual disability.
- Isolated apical hypertrophy due to other rare genetic conditions, such as LEOPARD syndrome or Noonan syndrome.